anatomy Flashcards
damage to which nerve casues Trendelenburg’s Gait?
superior gluteal nerve
where does the sciatic nerve come from?
L4 - S3
- splits in distal thigh to become tibial + common fibular nerve
where does the pudendal nerve come from at what does it mainly supply?
S2-S4 (keeps pelvis off the floor ;) )
principle nerve to perineum
what nerve runs alongside the sciatic nerve and where does it come from?
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
S1-S3
which nerve roots does the ankle jerk test?
S1 + S2
what is the calcaneal (achilies) tendon formed from?
gastrocnemius + soleus tendons
attaches to calcaneal tuberosity
what is the anterior drawer sign and what does it mean?
tibia will slide anteriorly under the fixed femur
- ACL is ruptured
joint classification of sacroiliac joint
fibrous (posterior) and synovial (anterior)
ligaments of the hip joint
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
ligament of head of femur = ligamentum teres (not very strong)
in a posterior dislocation of the femoral head, what position is the lower limb likely to be?
shortened and medially (internally) rotated
typically what position is the hip in prior to a posterior hip dislocation?
posterior hip dislocation typically occurs with the hip is flexed, adducted + medially rotated
(driving)
what division of the sciatic nerve does a posterior hip dislocation commonly affect?
common fibular division
position of lower limb post fracture to neck of femur
externally (laterally) rotated and lentghened
higher fractures of femoral head and neck increases the risk of what?
avascular necrosis
3 main factors that stabilise joints
shape of articulating joints (congruency)
ligaments
muscle tone
4 rotator cuff muscles
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supscapularis - lesser tuberosity
what nerve roots are involved in the brachial plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
unique feature of cervical vertebrae
foramen transversarium
unique features of thoracic vertebrae
costal facet
where ribs articulate
unique features of lumbar vertebrae
absence of cervical + thoracic unique features
why does ligamentum flavum have elastic in it?
spinal cord is immediately next to it so shrinks back to size + doesn’t effect spinal cord
what is the conus medullaris?
where the spinal cord tapers down at the end
what causes wrist drop?
radial nerve injury proximal to the elbow
what muscles do the median nerve innervate in the hand?
LOAF lateral 2 Lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
what causes foot drop?
common fibular nerve damage
(maybe due to compression to lateral part of knee
what does the sciatic nerve supply
sensation to lateral lower leg + foot
motor function to posterior thigh, lower leg + foot
