anatomy

Question 1

damage to which nerve casues Trendelenburg’s Gait?

Answer 1

superior gluteal nerve

Question 2

where does the sciatic nerve come from?

Answer 2

L4 - S3

• splits in distal thigh to become tibial + common fibular nerve

Question 3

where does the pudendal nerve come from at what does it mainly supply?

Answer 3

S2-S4 (keeps pelvis off the floor ;) )

principle nerve to perineum

Question 4

what nerve runs alongside the sciatic nerve and where does it come from?

Answer 4

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

S1-S3

Question 5

which nerve roots does the ankle jerk test?

Answer 5

S1 + S2

Question 6

what is the calcaneal (achilies) tendon formed from?

Answer 6

gastrocnemius + soleus tendons

attaches to calcaneal tuberosity

Question 7

what is the anterior drawer sign and what does it mean?

Answer 7

tibia will slide anteriorly under the fixed femur

• ACL is ruptured

Question 8

joint classification of sacroiliac joint

Answer 8

fibrous (posterior) and synovial (anterior)

Question 9

ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 9

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

ligament of head of femur = ligamentum teres (not very strong)

Question 10

in a posterior dislocation of the femoral head, what position is the lower limb likely to be?

Answer 10

shortened and medially (internally) rotated

Question 11

typically what position is the hip in prior to a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 11

posterior hip dislocation typically occurs with the hip is flexed, adducted + medially rotated
(driving)

Question 12

what division of the sciatic nerve does a posterior hip dislocation commonly affect?

Answer 12

common fibular division

Question 13

position of lower limb post fracture to neck of femur

Answer 13

externally (laterally) rotated and lentghened

Question 14

higher fractures of femoral head and neck increases the risk of what?

Answer 14

avascular necrosis

Question 15

3 main factors that stabilise joints

Answer 15

shape of articulating joints (congruency)
ligaments
muscle tone

Question 16

4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 16

SITS

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Supscapularis - lesser tuberosity

Question 17

what nerve roots are involved in the brachial plexus?

Answer 17

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 18

unique feature of cervical vertebrae

Answer 18

foramen transversarium

Question 19

unique features of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 19

costal facet

where ribs articulate

Question 20

unique features of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 20

absence of cervical + thoracic unique features

Question 21

why does ligamentum flavum have elastic in it?

Answer 21

spinal cord is immediately next to it so shrinks back to size + doesn’t effect spinal cord

Question 22

what is the conus medullaris?

Answer 22

where the spinal cord tapers down at the end

Question 23

what causes wrist drop?

Answer 23

radial nerve injury proximal to the elbow

Question 24

what muscles do the median nerve innervate in the hand?

Answer 24

LOAF
lateral 2 Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 25

what causes foot drop?

Answer 25

common fibular nerve damage

(maybe due to compression to lateral part of knee

Question 26

what does the sciatic nerve supply

Answer 26

sensation to lateral lower leg + foot

motor function to posterior thigh, lower leg + foot