Corruption Flashcards
1
Q
What are the key aspects of the definition? (2)
A
- ‘Misuse of authority’
2. ‘For personal gain’
2
Q
What are the categories of corruption? (3)
A
- Misfeasance
- Non-feasance
- Malfeasance
3
Q
What are the costs of corruption? (3)
A
- Undermined integrity of law-enforcement, effectiveness of CJS and confidence in police
- Allow criminal activity to remain undetected/ protected
- Financial costs: ‘secret tax’, wasted resources
4
Q
What are the types of corruption? (5) and what is the most common?
A
- Gratuities (most common)
- Bribes
- Theft/ burglary
- Internal corruption
- Brutality
5
Q
What are the processes of becoming corrupt?
A
Begin with gratuities, shifts from reactive to proactive (‘slippery slope’)
6
Q
What are the levels of corruption? (3)
A
- Rotten apples and rotten pockets (isolated individual)
- Pervasive unorganised corruption (more widespread)
- Pervasive organised corruption (internally networked)
7
Q
What is the prevalence of corruption in the UK?
A
Between 0.5 and 1% of police staff are potentially corrupt
8
Q
What are the different explanations for corruption? (5)
A
- Individual level
- Socio-structural (lack of consensus in law)
- Nature of police work (low visibility, lack of supervision)
- Police subculture (cultural themes: solidarity, isolation)
- Police organisation (poor leadership, emphasis on performance at any cost)
9
Q
What are the internal strategies of control? (2)
A
- Policies
- Standards of behaviour, consistency in police operations - Training, Supervision and Discipline
10
Q
What are the external strategies of control? (4)
A
- Specialist investigations (SOCA 10, Operation Sacristy)
- Criminal Prosecution (rare)
- Mobilising public opinion
- Citizen oversight (PCCs: citizen presence)