Corrections - MSK Flashcards
What is pulmonary hypoplasia?
Newborns with underdeveloped lungs
What are the 2 key causes of pulmonary hypoplasia?
1) oligohydramnios
2) congential diaphragmatic hernia
What is reactive arthritis?
A sterile arthritis triggered by distant GI or urogenital infections.
Typical triad of:
1) polyarticular arthralgia
2) urethritis
3) uveitis
Most cases of reactive arthritis occur in people who are positive for what gene?
HLA-B27
Mx of Perthes’ disease presenting under the age of 6?
Has a good prognosis –> requiring only observation.
What is a less severe form of Duchenne muscular dystrophy that presents at a later age?
Becker’s muscular dystrophy
What is the key finding on examination in slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
Reduced internal rotation of leg in flexion.
How long after precipitating infection can reactive arthritis develop?
Up to 4 weeks
Describe foot position in club foot (talipes equinovarus)
Inverted + plantar flexed foot which is not passively correctable
How much more common in boys than girls is Perthes disease?
5x more common in boys
What is the 1st line investigation in a newborn with suspected DDH?
US
Typical age of presentation of slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
Obese male adolescents
What is osteochondritis dissecans?
A pathological process affecting the subchondral bone (most often in the knee joint) with 2ary effects on the joint cartilage, including pain, oedema, free bodies and mechanical dysfunctions.
Presentation of osteochondritis dissecans?
1) Knee pain and swelling, typically after exercise
2) Knee catching, locking and/or giving way: more constant and severe symptoms are associated with the presence of loose bodies
3) Feeling a painful ‘clunk’ when flexing or extending the knee - indicating the involvement of the lateral femoral condyle
Bone profile results in osteomalacia?
Decreased calcium
Decreased phosphate
Increased PTH
Increased ALP
What is rickets in adults called?
Osteomalacia
What is roseola infantum?
A common disease of infancy caused by the human herpes virus 6 (HHV6).
Features of roseola infantum?
- high fever: lasting a few days, followed later by a
- maculopapular rash
- Nagayama spots: papular enanthem on the uvula and soft palate
- febrile convulsions occur in around 10-15%
- diarrhoea and cough are also commonly seen
What are 2 ossible consequences of HHV6 infection?
1) aseptic meningitis
2) hepatitis
Features of osteomalacia?
1) bone pain
2) bone/muscle tenderness
3) fractures: especially femoral neck
4) proximal myopathy: may lead to a waddling gait
What may be seen on an xray in osteomalacia/rickets?
Translucent bands (Looser’s zones or pseudofractures)
Bone profile blood reuslts in osteogenesis imperfecta?
Normal
What is the peak age incidence of Perthe’s?
4 to 8 y/o
How can rickets affect the joints?
Can cause widening of joints due to an excess of non-mineralised osteoid at the growth plate.
Mx of SUFE?
Refer to orthopedics for in situ fixation with a cannulated screw.
