Corpsman Manual Ch 6 Flashcards
The study of the body is divided into how many sciences?
2
What is the study of body structures and the relation of one part to another?
anatomy
What is the study of how the body works and how the various parts function individually and in relation to each other?
physiology
What imaginary plane divides the body into right and left halves on its vertical access?
sagittal
What planes are drawn perpendicular to the sagittal lines and divide the body into anterior(front) and posterior (rear) sections?
frontal
What plane which is drawn at right angles to both sagittal and frontal planes, divides the body into superior (upper and inferior (lower) sections?
Transverse
To aid in understanding the location of anatomical structures, a standard body positions called what is used as the point of reference?
Anatomical position
What involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into its simplest forms?
digestion
What is the process of absorption, storage, and use of foods for body growth, maintenance and repair?
Metabolism
What is the body’s self regulated control of its internal environment?
Homeostasis
What is the beginning level of the organization of the body?
Chemical level
What consist of chemical structures organized within larger units (cells) to perform a specific function?
Organelles
What consist of the smallest and most numerous structural unit that possess and exhibits the basic characteristics of living matter?
cells
What are a group of many similar cells that all develop together from the same part of an embryo and all perform a certain function?
Tissues
What is defined as a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that, together, they can perform a special function?
Organ
What are the most complex of the organizational units of the body?
Systems
There are how many major systems that make up the human body?
11
What are a collections of interactive parts that are capable of surviving in hostile environments, with the ability to reproduce and repair damaged parts?
Organisms
A typical cell is made up of the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and what else?
Cytoplasm
What is a small, dense, usually spherical body that controls the chemical reactions occurring in the cell?
Nucleus
Every human cell contains how many chromosomes?
46
Tissues are classified into four main groups: epithelial, connective, muscular and what else?
Nervous
The lining tissue of the body is called what?
Epithelium
What tissue is composed of a single layer of cells whose nuclei are located at the same level as the nuclei in their neighboring cells?
columnar
In the digestive system, the chief function of columnar tissue is the secretion of digestive fluids and the absorption of nutrients from digested foods, In certain areas (such as the nostrils, bronchial tubes, and trachea), this tissue has a crown of microscopic hair lie processes mown as what?
cilia
What tissue is composed of thin plate-like or scale like cells forming a mosaic pattern?
Squamous epithelial
What tissue is the main protective of the body?
Squamous
In the kidneys, what tissue functions in the secretion and absorption of fluids?
cuboidal
What tissue is highly vascular, surrounds other cells, encases internal organs, sheathes muscles, wraps bones, encloses joints, and provides the supporting framework of the body?
Connective
What tissue consists of a meshwork of thin fibers that interlace in all directions, giving the tissue both elasticity and tensile strength?
Arreolar
What tissue is fatty tissue?
adipose
What type of tissue, known as “bone tissue” is dense fibrous connective tissue that forms tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bones?
Osseous connective
What tissue provides for all body movement?
muscular
the three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and what else?
Cardiac
What tissue is the most complex tissue in the body?
nerve
The basic cell of the nerve tissue is the what?
Neuron
What is the outer skin layer?
epidermis
What is a wide area of connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, smooth muscles and skin appendages?
Dermis
the sin contains two type of nerve fibers, motor and what else?
sensory?
what are a control mechanism to reduce the body’s heat by evaporating water from its surface?
sweat glands
What glands are modify sweat glands found only in the auditory canal?
ceruminous
the skeleton, the bony framework of the body, is composed of how many bones?
206
what is the study of the structure of bone?
osteology
Bone is made up of inorganic mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus being the most prevalent) and an organic substance called what?
ossein
the tin outer membrane surrounding the bone is called the what?
periosteum
when a bone fractures, the pain that is felt comes from what?
periosteum
what is elongated, cylindrical portion (or “shaft”) of the bone that is between the epiphyses (sing.epiphysis) or ends of bone?
Diaphysis
the skull consist of how many bones?
28
the human skeleton is divided into two main divisions, the axial skeleton and what other skeleton?
appendicular
with the exception of the mandible and the bones of the inner ear, all skull bones are joined together firmly along seams. the seams where they join are known as what?
sutures
The cranium is formed by how many major bones, most of which are in pairs?
eight
what bones form the sides and part of the base of the skull in the area of the ear?
temporal
what bone forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium?
occipital
what bone is situated in front of the sphenoid bone in the front part of the cranium?
ethmoid
what bone is posterior to the ethmoid bone providing for the front base of the cranium and forming the floor as sides of the orbits?
sphenoid
the facial skeleton consist of how many stationary bones and a mobile lower jawbone (mandible)?
14
what bones form the upper jaw, the anterior roof of the mouth, the floors of the orbits, and the sides and floor of the nasal cavity?
maxillary
The small holes on each side of the nasal opening are called what?
infraorbital foramina
What bones are resposible for the prominence of the cheeks?
zygomatic
What bones provide a pathway for a tube that carries tears from the eye to the nasal cavity?
lacrimal bones
wha bone is connected to the ethmoid bone, and together they form the nasal septum?
vomer bone
the vertbral column consists of how many movable or true vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx or tail bone?
24
what protect the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord?
vertebrae
At the bottom of the spinal column are the sacrum and the what?
coccyx
what is a hole directly behind the body of the vertebrae that forms the passage for the spinal cord?
vertebral foramen
the spinal column is divided into how many regions?
5