Corpsman Manual Ch 21 Flashcards
What is the process of quickly assessing patients in a multiple casualty incident and assigning patients a priority (or classification) for receiving treatment according to the severity of the illness or injury?
Triage
Who is anyone participating in military operations or activities?
Combatant
Casualties whose injuries are critical but who will require only minimal time or equipment to manage and who have a good prognosis for survival are what class?
Priority 1
What type of accident, also known as stroke or apoplexy, is caused by an interruption of the arterial blood supply to a portion of the brain?
Cerebrovascular
What are characterized by severe and uncontrolled muscle spasms or muscle rigidity?
Convulsions
What are characterized by an abnormal focus of activity in the brain that produces severe motor responses or changes in consciousness?
Epilepsy
What is a condition characterized by sudden onset, excessive skin irritation, painful erythema (redness of the skin), bullae (large blisters), and exfoliation of the skin in sheets?
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Heart conditions occur more commonly in men in what age group?
50-60
What is caused by insufficient oxygen being circulated to the heart muscle?
Angina
A heart suffering from prolonged hypertension, valve disease, or heart disease will try to compensate for decreased function by increasing the size of the left ventricle pumping chamber and increasing the heart rate. The condition is know as what?
Congestive heart failure
What is a severe allergic reaction to foreign material?
Anaphylactic shock?
The general treatment for severe anaphylaxis is the subcutaneous injection of what amount of epinephrine and supportive care?
0.3 cc
What is and inherited condition in which the pancreas secretes an insufficient amount of protein hormone insulin?
Diabetes Mellitus
What regulates carbohydrate metabolism by enabling glucose to enter cells for use as an energy source?
Insulin
What is the bleeding from lacerated blood vessels in the chest cavity and or lungs?
Hemothorax
What occurs when the baby’s legs and or buttocks emerge first during child birth
Breech delivery
Have what readily available whenever administering opiates?
Naloxone
What is the most effective of all pain relieving drugs?
Morphine
The adult dose of morphine is 10 to 20 mg, which may be repeated , if necessary, in no less than how many hours?
4
What wounds are torn, rather than cut?
Lacerations
What are caused by objects that penetrate into the tissues while leaving a small surface opening?
Punctures
What is the tearing away of tissue from a body part?
Avulsion
What is the escape of significant amounts of blood from vessels of the circulatory system?
Hemorrhage
The average adult body contains about how many liters of blood?
5-6
If a wound is a puncture wound, a large gaping wound of the soft tissue, or an animal bite, leave it unsutured. Even under the care of a surgeon, it is the rule not to close wounds of this nature until after which day?
4th
What fulfills the requirements for the perfect suture ease of manufacture, tensile strength, and variety available more often than any other material?
Surgical gut
Though it’s referred to as “catgut”, surgical gut is derived from the submucosal connective tissue of the first 1/3 (about how many yards?) of the small intestine of healthy government inspected sheep?
8
What is the most common local anesthetic used?
Xylocaine
The three methods of anesthesia administration are topical, local infiltration, and what else?
Nerve block
The maximum recommended amount of xylocaine to be used is what amount for a 1% solution or the equivalent?
50 ml
When suturing, the best cosmetic effect is obtained by using numerous interrupted simple sutures placed what distance apart?
1/8 inch
A break in the bone is known as what?
Fracture
There are two long bones in the forearm, the radius and the what?
Ulna
What is the long bone of the upper part of the leg between the kneecap and the pelvis?
Femur
In general, joint and muscle injuries maybe classified under how many headings?
4
When a bone is forcibly displaced from its joint, the injury is known as what?
Dislocation
As a general rule do not attempt to reduce a dislocation, to put a dislocated bone back in place, unless it is known that a medical officer cannot be reached within how many hours?
8
What are injuries to the ligaments and soft tissues that support a joint?
Sprains
Injuries caused by forcible over stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons are known as what?
Strains
What are responsible for the discoloration that almost always accompanies injuries to bones, joints, and muscles?
Contusions
A special kind of infection that must be guarded against in case of animal bites is what?
Rabies
When a person has been bitten by an animal, every effort must be made to catch the animal and keep it confined for a minimum of how many days?
8 to 10
What degree burn is characterized by epidermal blisters, mottled appearance, and a red base?
Second
What degree burn is a full thickness injury penetrating muscle and fatty connective tissues, or even down to the bone?
Third
What results from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun?
Sunburn
Irrigate acid burns to the eyes for at least 5 to 10 minutes with at least what about of water?
2000 ml
Irrigate alkali burns to the eyes for at least how many minutes?
20
What has been associated with extensive intravascular hemolysis
Copper
What are often an early sign of approaching heat exhaustion?
Muscle cramps
What is the most common condition caused by working or exercising in hot environments?
Heat exhaustion
What is a mild cold injury caused by prolonged and repeated exposure for several hours to air temperatures from above freezing 32 F to as high as 60 F?
Chilblain
What results from prolonged exposure to wet cold at temperatures ranging from just above freezing to 50F?
Immersion foot
What occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deep tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32F or lower?
Frostbite
What is defined as force acting upon a particular area of matter?
Pressure
The weight if the atmosphere (from sea level up to the ozone layer) exerts what psi on the human body?
14.7
At how many feet of seawater (fsw) the amount of pressure on the diver’s body doubles from the surface?
33
What law states “for any gas at a constant temperature, pressure, and volume are inversely related”?
Boyles law
What is defined as damage to tissues caused by change in ambient pressure?
Barotrauma
Our bodies are what percent water and on the surface the body is at equilibrium with the inert gases in breathing air?
85%
What a bubble forms in the skin, the dermis and or epidermis, it results in a condition known as what?
Cutis marmorata
Any neurological symptom within the first how many minutes after surfacing from a dive is considered an arterial gas embolism?
10
