Coronary Heart Disease & Cancer Flashcards
What is health?
The state of physical and mental wellbeing
What is coronary heart disease (CHD) ?
-Layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them
-This reduces the flow of blood through coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen for heart muscle
What are factors that can lead to developing CHD?
-Obesity
-Family history
-Smoking
-Gender
-Exersize
-Blood pressure
-Drinking
-Unbalanced diet
What is the name and location of where the pacemaker is found?
The sinoatrial node found in right atrium
What is an artificial pacemaker?
Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate
What are the 4 ways to treat heart disease?
Stents
Statins
Replacement valves
Replacement hearts
What are stents?
Used to keep the coronary arteries open
What are positive of stents?
-Surgery is quick
-Last long time
What are negative of stents?
-Surgery has risks
What are statins?
Widely used to reduce blood cholestrol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposity
What are positives of statins?
Reduces the risk of strokes and heart attacks
What are negatives of statins?
-Taken regularly
-Side effects
What is a replacement valve?
In some people, heart valves may become faulty preventing the valve from opening fully, so they get a replacement valve.
What are positives of replacement valves?
-Last long time
-Don’t have to wait - good supply of animal/mechanical
What are negatives of replacement valves?
-Requires surgery - risk of infection
-Blood clots
What is a replacement heart?
A donor heart
What are positives of a replacement heart?
Artificial heart won’t be reject
What are negatives of a replacement heart?
-Can take long time to find a donor
-Require surgery - risk of infection
What is cancer?
The result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth / division
What are the 2 types of cancer?
Benign and Malignant
What are Benign tumours?
-Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane
-They do not invade other parts of body (dont spread)
What are Malignant tumours?
-Malignant tumours cells are cancer
-They invade (spread) to neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours
What factors can increase developing cancer?
-Smoking
-Alcohol
-Obesity
-UV exposure
-Viral infection
-Genetic links
