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Kanski > Cornea-Conjunctiva > Flashcards

Cornea-Conjunctiva Flashcards

1
Q

Follicles vs Papillae

A

Follicles: blood vessels run around; lymphocytes; viral conj-chlamydial conj-perinaud oculoglandular syndrome-hypersensitivity to topical medications.

Papillae: vascular core; inflammatory cells; bacterial conj-allergic conj-chronic blepharitis-CL wear-superior limbic keratoconj-floppy eyelid syndrome.

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2
Q

Giant fornix syndrome

A

S.aureus

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3
Q

C.trachomatis serotipler

A

A-B-C: trachoma

D—K: other grnital, other systemic and ocular disease

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4
Q

Adenovirus serovars

A

PCF: 3-4-7
EKC: 8-19-37

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5
Q

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis lesions

A

Horner Trantas dots: transient limbal apically located white cellular collections.
Pseudogerontoxon: paralimbal band of superficial scarring resembling arcus senilis.

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6
Q

Acute haemmorrhagic conjunctivitis

A

Enterovirus

Coxsackievirus

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7
Q

Arlt line

A

Cicatricial trachoma

Broad confluent conjunctival scars

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8
Q

Horner Trantas dots

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Transient apically located white cellular collections

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9
Q

Pseudogerontoxon

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Paralimbal band of superficial scarring resembling arcus senilis

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10
Q

Dry eye investigation

A

BUT <10s is suspicious

Schirmer (after 5min):

  • with anaesthesia: <10mm is abnormal
  • without anaesthesia: <6mm is abnormal
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11
Q

Hertoghe sign

A

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

Absence of the lateral portion of the eyebrows

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12
Q

Dennie-Morgan folds

A

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

Lid skin folds caused by persistant rubbing

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13
Q

Cornea dimensions

A

Diameter: 11.5 mm vertical-12 mm horizontal
Thickness: 540 〽️m
Cell density: 3000 cells/mm2

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14
Q

Infectious scleritis-the most common cause

A

Herpes Zoster

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15
Q

Blue sclera

A

ROHEM:

Russell-Silver syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Hallermann-Streiff-François syndrome
Ehler-Danlos type 6
Marshall-Smith syndrome
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16
Q

Bacteria- able to penetrate a healthy corneal epithelium

A

CeHeNNem:

C.diphteriae
H.influenza
N.gonorrhae
N.meningitidis

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17
Q

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis PUK

A 
RA-most common
Wegener
PAN
Relapsing polychondritis
SLE

Yes scleritis-distinguishing from Mooren ulcer
No clear zone btw the ulcer and the limbus-distinguishing from marginal keratitis and Terrien marginal degeneration

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18
Q

Fortified antibiotics shelf life

A

Cephalosporins=Fortum: 4 days (refrigerated), unless 24 hours

Gentamicin: 14 days (refrigerated)

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19
Q

Wessely immune ring

A

Disciform keratitis (HSV)

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20
Q

Hutchinson sign

A

Herpes Zoster-involvement of the skin supplied by the external nasal nerve

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21
Q

SSSyphilis-ocular features

A

Salt and pepper pigmentary retinopathy
Salmon patch
Argyll-Robertson pupils

22
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

Pain disproportionate to clinical signs
Perineural infiltrates-pathognomonic
Ring abcess

23
Q

Furrow degeneration

A

Mild peripheral corneal thinning in the elderly, usually benign

24
Q

Mooren ulcer

A

Autoimmune
Progressive circumferential peripheral stromal ulceration with later central spread
An undermined and infiltrated leading edge is characteristic
No scleritis-distinguishing from PUK
No clear zone btw the ulcer and the limbus-distinguishing from marginal keratitis and Terrien marginal degeneration

25
Q

No clear zone

A

Mooren ulcer
PUK
Macular corneal dystrophy

26
Q

Yes clear zone

A 
Marginal keratitis
Terrien
Arcus senilis
Vogt limbal girdle
Band keratopathy
27
Q

Infectious crystalline keratopathy

A

Streptococcus viridans

28
Q

Bitot spots

A

Xerophthalmia

29
Q

Keratoconus

A 
Oil droplet red reflex
Scissoring reflex in retinoscopy
Vogt striae=deep stromal stress lines
Fleisher ring=epithelial iron deposits
Munson sign=bulging of the lower lid on downgaze
30
Q

Epithelial dystrophies

A 
Cogan
Meesmann
Lish
Subepithelial mucinous
Gelatinous drop-like
31
Q

Bowman/anterior stromal dystrophies

A

Reis-Bucklers

Thiel-Behnke

32
Q

Stromal dystrophies

A 
Lattice
Granular
Macular
Schnyder(crystalline)
Francois
Fleck
Posterior amorphous
33
Q

Descemet/endothelial dystrophies

A

Fuchs
Posterior polymorphous
Congenitalhereditary endothelial

34
Q

Fuchs endothelial dystrophy

A 
Women
Mostly sporadic
Open angle glaucoma risk
Cornea guttata
Beaten metal appearance
35
Q

Microcornea

A

Diameter <10 mm (>2years) or <9 mm (newborn)
Other dimensions are normal
AD

36
Q

Microphtalmus vs Nanopthalmus

A

Micro: short AL, entire eye is small; other features of dysgenesis; systemic abnormalities may be present
Nan: entirely small but structurally normal eye, bilateral

37
Q

Megalocornea

A

Diameter >13 mm

Bilateral

38
Q

LASIK-refractive error correction

A

Hypermetropia 4D
Astigmatism 5D
Myopia 12D

39
Q

PRK-refractive error correction

A

Hypermetropia low-moderate
Astigmatism 3D
Myopia 6D

40
Q

Cataract in systemic disease

A

DM
MD(myotonic dystrophy)
AD(atopic dermatitis)
NF

41
Q

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage risk factors

A 
Advanced age
Glaucoma
Increased AL
Systemic cardiovascular disease
Vitreous loss
Conversion from phaco to ECCE
42
Q

Acute postoperative endophthalmitis-risk factors

A 
Posterior capsule rupture
Prolonged procedure time
Combined procedure
Clear corneal sutureless incision
Temporal incision
Wound leak on the first day
Delaying postop topical ab until the day after surgery
Topical anesthesia
Adnexal disease
DM
43
Q

Acute postoperative endophthalmitis-most common patogen

A

Staph epidermidis

44
Q

Acute postoperative endophthalmitis-intravitreal treatment

A

Ceftazidime 2mg in 0.1 ml➡️gram➖

Vancomycin 2mg in 0.1 ml➡️gram➕

45
Q

Delayed onset postoperative endophyhalmitis-patogens

A

P.acnes (low virulans)

46
Q

Congenital cataract

A

2/3 bilateral

AD inheritance is the most common etiological factor

47
Q

Congenital cataract-associated metabolic disorders

A

Galactosemia
Lowe syndrome
Fabry disease
Mannosidosis

48
Q

Congenital cataract-treatment

A

<4 weeks:risk of glaucoma⚠️
Bilateral dense: surgery btw 4-10 weeks
Bilateral partial: may not require surgery
Unilateral dense: urgent❗️<6 weeks (4-6 weeks)
Unilateral partial: observe

49
Q

Alport syndrome

A

Posterior polymorphous dystrophy
Anterior lenticonus
Fleck retina

50
Q

Frosted branch angiitis

A

CMV retinitis

Kanski (7 decks)

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