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SA dx/tx > Cornea > Flashcards

Cornea Flashcards

1
Q

Define ciliary flush.

A

360 degree deep corneal neovascularization that is pathognomonic for uveitis

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2
Q

Define cornea edema.

A

The only ‘blue’ opacity
Often appears heterogenous or fluffy

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3
Q

What are the two mechanisms that generate cornea edema?

A

Epithelial disruption - focal
Endothelial disruption - diffuse

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4
Q

Define corneal fibrosis.

A

Corneal scarring
Results from stromal collagen contracture and appears as a dull, wispy white

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5
Q

Define corneal fibrosis.

A

Corneal scarring
Results from stromal collagen contracture and appears as a dull, wispy white
Non-painful

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6
Q

Define corneal dystrophy or degeneration.

A

Dystrophy most often involves corneal lipid and appears glittery/shiny
Degeneration most often involves calcium and appears gritty or chalky

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7
Q

Define descemetocele.

A

Stromal ulcer reaches the depth of Descemet’s membrane
Corneal epithelium and stroma are lost

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8
Q

Define deep corneal neovascularization.

A

This vessel pattern occurs in response to deep disease processes

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9
Q

Define facet.

A

Loss of corneal stroma with intact overlying epithelium
Occurs because epithelialization progresses more rapidly than stromal healing

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of corneal ulceration in cats?

A

Herpesvirus

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11
Q

Define keratitis.

A

Inflammation of the cornea

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12
Q

Define keratic precipitates.

A

Cellular adhesions to the endothelium and are pathognomic for uveitis
Tiny dots from the mid-portion of the cornea that become larger and denser in the ventral cornea

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13
Q

Define limbus.

A

360 degree junction between the cornea and the sclera/conjunctiva

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14
Q

Define superficial ulcer.

A

Loss of epithelium only

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15
Q

Define superficial corneal neovascularization.

A

This vessel pattern occurs in response to superficial disease processes

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16
Q

Corneal vessels only appear with?

A

Keratitis

17
Q

What are the four factors that keep the cornea clear?

A

Avascular
Non-myelinated nerves
Dehydrated
Ordered cell arrangement

18
Q

What pathologies are most likely to cause focal edema?

A

Superficial ulcers
Anterior lens luxations
Endothelial dystrophy (early)

19
Q

What pathologies are most likely to cause diffuse edema?

A

Glaucoma
Stromal ulcers
Uveitis
Endothelial degeneration
Endothelial dystrophy (advanced)

20
Q

What can occur with bullous keratopathy?

A

Spontaneous corneal ulceration

21
Q

With dorsal superficial neovasculartization, what should you think of?

A

KCS

22
Q

What are the most common causes of deep neovascularization?

A

Uveitis
Deep corneal ulceration

23
Q

What are the three variations of corneal opacities?

A

White with yellow or green hue - white blood cell infiltration
White with gray or wispy features - fibrosis
Crystalline or chalky white - mineral or lipid, dystrophy or degeneration

24
Q

What is a sign of stromal healing?

A

Fibrosis

25
Q

What are the two common causes of epithelial pigment?

A

KCS
Pigmentary keratitis
Ocular surface irritation
Treat with cyclosporine or tacrolimus

26
Q

What causes endothelial pigment?

A

Uveal cysts or tissue endothelial adhesion
Less common

27
Q

Where would you see keratic precipitates? What are they pathognomotic for?

A

Ventral
Uveitis

28
Q

When would you expect a simple ulcer to heal?

A

5-7 days

29
Q

What is the most common type of superficial ulcer?

A

Indolent Ulcer - boxers

30
Q

What must you do for the treatment of indolent ulcers?

A

Debridement

31
Q

How long should you wait minimum before debriding an indolent ulcer again?

A

At least 14 days

32
Q

Stromal corneal ulcerations are

A

Emergencies

33
Q

What are the most common bacteria for a stromal corneal ulcer?

A

Staph
Strep
Pseudomonas

34
Q

What is the most common cause of a melting ulcer?

A

Pseudomonas

35
Q

What are the identifying features of stromal corneal ulceration?

A

Inappropriate level of reflex uveitis
Severe corneal edema
White blood cell infiltration
Deep corneal vessels and episcleral injection
Visible stromal loss or disruption
Malacia

36
Q

What breeds are predisposed to Pannus?

A

German shepherds
Greyhounds

37
Q

What is the recommendation for Pannus?

A

Goggles for UV protection
Cyclosporine

SA dx/tx (26 decks)

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