Urolithiasis Flashcards
What is indicated in all patients with uroliths?
Urinalysis
What acidity are struvite stones more likely to form in?
Alkaline urine
What acidity are calcium oxalate and urate stones more likely to form in?
Neutral to acidic urine
Does crystalluria indicate the presence of stones?
No
What should urate crystals raise concern for?
Liver dysfunction
What type of crystals are never normal? What are they the result of?
Cystine crystals
Inherited renal tubular transport disorder
What type of stones can you see on radiographs?
Calcium oxalate and struvite
Why might you see calcium oxalate stones in a dog?
Male dogs
Often older dogs
Hyperadrenocorticism
Diet may play a role
pH < 6.5
Why might you see calcium oxalate stones in a cat?
Middle aged to older cats
Persian and Himalayans
Indoor cats
1/4 are hypercalcemic
Why might you see struvite stones in a dog?
UTI is a predisposing factor
S. intermedius and Proteus are urease producing
Alkaline urine
Female dogs more common
Why might you see struvite stones in a cat?
Absence of UTI
Alkaline urine
When might you see urate stones?
Increased incidence in dogs with liver dysfunction especially PSS
You should liver test
Dalmatians!!
When could you do voiding urohyropulsion?
Small bladder stones with clinical signs
<7mm in female dogs
<5 mm in male dogs and female cats
Cannot do in male cats
When would you use medical dissolution?
Non-obstructive struvite uroliths in bladder in dogs (cats are usually sterile)
When would you do a cystotomy?
Calcium oxalate stones
Other stones that medical management is not an option
