☯️🍒🧟♀️💄🌙core two.. russia + the soviet union 1917-1941 Flashcards
Tsar Nicholas II forced to step down and the Petrograd is formed as the first provisional government
1917.. known as the ‘march revlution’
Lenin’s April thesis speech
Occurred in 1917 and calls for the Soviets to take
power
October Coup..
Occurred in November of 1917 where the Bolsheviks and left-wing socialist groups overthrow the USSR Provisional Government
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Formally signed in 1918 with Germany and ends Russia’s involvement in the war with loss of Russian Territory
- ‘white’ army is formed and is anti-Bolshevik…
Russian Civil war
breaks out in 1918 against the Reds (Bolsheviks) and the Whites (Anti-Bolsheviks)
Overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II
1917
Russian Civil War ends
in 1920.. (1918-1920) REDS WON (Bolsheviks won)
‘provisional’
temporary or subject to change.. a ‘provisional’ government was introduced after the overthrow of the Tsar in 1917.
‘soviet’
political organisation meaning ‘people’, a party of the workers, soldiers and peasant class.
‘Marxist’
economic and political theories of Karl Marx’s.. aka the beginnings of Communism
‘Bourgeois’ social class
Middle to upper class within Russian society
‘Cominturn’
A group established during the Russian Civil war which promoted worldwide revolution.
‘war communism’
A policy during the Russian Civil War which appointed managers to run factories (private ownership -> not very communist) to help produce a strong red army… ALSO the Cheka seized surplus grain from peasants to feed these workers … sparked a revolt by peasants
‘NEP’
New Economic Policy.. Established by Lenin to restore the USSR economy
Lenin Dies
1924… the struggle over leadership begins.
Stalin becomes the leader of the Communist party
1928
The beginning of the 5-year plans
1928
Stalin begins collectivisation
1929
what is ‘collectivisation’?
Stalin’s push for economic reconstruction through the collectivisation of privately owned farms and industrialising them in order to boost the USSR’s Agricultural sector
Winter famine in Ukraine
1932, millions die from starvation.. a result of Collectivisation.
2nd five year plan
1933
The beginning of the show trials and purges ‘The Great Terror’
1936-38
3rd of the Five year plans
1937
When was the Nazi/Soviet non-aggression pact formed
1939
‘socialism’
The belief in a society where wealth id hared through public ownership than private ownership
‘communism’
A system of government which hold the belief in state ownership = government control etc.
Who are the Menshevik’s?
A small proportion of the (once) Russian-Social-Diplomatic Labour Party.. which split into Bolshevik / Menshevik.. [Menshevik's are the minority proportion of the split party.] They sought the eventual introduction of Socialism and believed-0oijnb the overthrow of autocracy would be followed by the cooperation between middle class and working class Russia.
Soviet Foreign Policy Examples:
- Treaty of Brest Litovsk …. With Germany to stop the War.. 80% resources, 30% population, 34% of land
- ‘Desperate years’ Russia traditionally aiming to make cordial agreements
- victory in the civil war leads to normalisation .. dreams of revolution are diminished.. more realistic treaties signed with neighbouring countries (Finland, Turkey (1920).. 1221= GERMANY AND ITALY..)
- AFTER GD ambiguity reappeared..
- Soviet policy changed direction as threat in East and Europe with Nazism)
