Core Terminology 3: Genetics Flashcards
Genetics
study of inheritance/ hereditary
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics
Gene
part of a chromosome that controls each characteristic
Allele
different/ alternative form of the same gene
Locus
position of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous (pure breeding)
two alleles of a gene are the same eg. TT or tt
Heterozygous (hybrid)
when alleles are different from each other eg. Tt
Monohybrid cross
a genetic cross involving 1 characteristic only
Dihybrid cross
a genetic cross involving more than one characteristic
Phenotype
outer/physical appearance of an organism
Genotype
genetic composition of an organism
Dominant
when one characteristic suppresses the other (dominant characteristic always written in capital letters). The characteristic that appears in the phenotype
Recessive
the characteristic that is suppressed (small letter)
Gonosomes
sex chromosomes ( X & Y)
Autosomes
normal body chromosomes (22 pairs)
Genetic manipulation
transfer of a specific gene from one organism to another to obtain a desired characteristic
Cloning
the process whereby genetically identical organisms are made from a single parent
Stem cells
undifferentiated cells that can be used to produce identical organisms/organs
Variation
differences between individuals within a population.
Haemophilia
genetic disorder caused by sex linked genes /(blood disorder) causing blood not too clot
Complete dominance
one allele dominates the other. Phenotype has dominant characteristic
Incomplete dominance
no dominant allele; when in combination a new characteristic is produced
Co-dominance
both alleles equally dominant; forms a phenotype that a combination of both characteristics
