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LS12 - Life Sciences > Core Terminology 10: Reproduction > Flashcards

Core Terminology 10: Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive strategy

A

the method by which species ensure that sufficient young survive to make up the next generation

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2
Q

Fertilisation

A

fusion of male gamete(n) with a female gamete (n) to produce a zygote (2n)

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3
Q

Zygote

A

product of a fertilised egg

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4
Q

Embryo

A

the zygote that divides into many cells by mitosis

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5
Q

External fertilisation

A

fertilisation outside the female body

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6
Q

Internal fertilisation

A

fertilisation inside the female body

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7
Q

Amniotic egg

A

A type of egg where the embryo develops inside a fluid-filled sac which is surrounded by a shell

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8
Q

Oviparous (egg-laying)

A

embryo develops in an egg, outside the female?s body

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9
Q

Viviparous

A

embryo develops inside a uterus inside the female?s body; young are born live

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10
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

has eggs with shells, but these are not laid, they are held inside the female?s body until they hatch

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11
Q

Precocial development

A

young that are born are able to see, move and look after themselves

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12
Q

Altricial development

A

young are not fully developed, born helpless, cannot move around or feed themselves

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13
Q

Parental care

A

pattern where parents spend their time feeding and protecting their offspring to ensure that more survive.

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14
Q

Testes

A

male reproductive organs where sperm is produced

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15
Q

Sperm cells

A

male gametes

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16
Q

Testosterone

A

male hormones responsible for secondary male characteristics

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17
Q

Scrotum

A

sac-like structure enclosing the testes

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18
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

process whereby sperm is formed in the testes

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19
Q

Epidydimis

A

stores sperm

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20
Q

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

A

transports sperm from the epidydimis to urethra

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21
Q

Prostate gland

A

produces alkaline fluid which is added to sperm; protects against the acidity of vagina; increases mobility of sperm

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22
Q

Cowpers gland

A

secretes mucous which is added to semen for nutrition

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23
Q

seminal vesicles

A

secretes fluid to make sperm more mobile

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24
Q

penis

A

transfers sperm to vagina during copulation

25
Q

puberty

A

period between 11 -13 years when sexual maturity is reached

26
Q

vasectomy

A
  • male sterilisation (surgical)
27
Q

ovaries

A

female reproductive organs for production of ova/eggs; meiosis

28
Q

ova/ovum

A

female gametes/ egg cells (n)

29
Q

oogenesis

A

production of egg cells

30
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

transports ovum from ovary to uterus; fertilisation takes place

31
Q

Uterus/womb

A

for implantation and development of foetus; contracts during child birth

32
Q

Endometrium

A

inner wall/ lining of uterus

33
Q

cervix

A

opening between uterus and vagina; dilates during child birth

34
Q

vagina

A

sperm deposited here; birth canal

35
Q

Gametogenesis

A

formation of gametes through meiosis

36
Q

ovulation

A

process whereby a ripe ovum is released from the ovary; controlled by LH; usually +/- Day 14.

37
Q

fertilisation

A

process where a male gamete (n) fuses with a female gamete (n) to produce a zygote (2n)

38
Q

morula

A

mass/ball of cells as a result of mitotic division of the zygote

39
Q

Blastocyst

A

hollow ball of cells formed from the mitotic division of the morula

40
Q

embryo

A

first 8 weeks of development

41
Q

foetus

A

from 8 weeks to birth

42
Q

pregnancy/gestation

A

duration/ period from fertilisation to birth

43
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone; secreted by hypophysis; stimulates the 10 follicle to develop to a ripe follicle (Graafian follicle)

44
Q

LH

A

Lutenising Hormone; secreted by hypophysis; stimulates ovulation; development of Corpus luteum

45
Q

Graafian Follicle

A

contains the ripe ovum; secretes oestrogen

46
Q

Oestrogen

A

hormone secreted by graafian follicle; causes the thickening of endometrium for implantation; secondary female characteristics

47
Q

Corpus luteum

A

an empty follicle; secretes progesterone

48
Q

Progesterone

A

hormone secreted by corpus luteum; maintains the lining of the endometrium; inhibits FSH

49
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

a 28-day cycle in the female reproductive system; consist of uterine and ovarian cycle

50
Q

menstruation

A

process where endometrium together with unfertilised egg is secreted by the body through bleeding

51
Q

Amnion

A

inner membrane that surrounds the foetus

52
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

fluid in amniotic sac for protection of foetus

53
Q

Chorion

A

outer membrane that plays a role in the formation of the placenta

54
Q

placenta

A

mixture of maternal and embryonic tissue; for nutrition, gaseous exchange; excretion, micro-filter

55
Q

Umbilical cord

A

joins foetus to placenta; carries waste and blood from foetus to placenta

56
Q

Acrosome

A

part of the sperm which produces digestive enzymes to dissolve the membrane of the ovum

57
Q

germinal epithelium

A

layer within ovary that is responsible for formation of ova through meiosis

58
Q

Tubular ligation

A

sterilisation in females where the fallopian tubes are cut to prevent pregnancy

LS12 - Life Sciences (33 decks)

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