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core IM Flashcards

1
Q

SIRS

A

T >100.4
T <96.8
RR >20
HR >90
WBC >12000
WBC <4000
WBC >10% bands
PCO2 <32 mmHg

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2
Q

Sepsis

A

2 SIRS +
confirmed OR suspected infection

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3
Q

Severe sepsis

A

sepsis +
-signs of end organ damage
-hypotension <90
lactate >4

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4
Q

Septic shock

A

severe sepsis + persistent
-end organ damage
-hypotension <90
-lactate >4

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5
Q

Duke major criteria

A

1) Bcx + typical (staph, v. strep, enteroccus)
2) evidence of endocaridal involvement on echo

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6
Q

Duke minor criteria

A

-predisposing factor
-temp >38
-vasc phen (art/sept emboli, pulm infarcs, mycotic aneurysm, conj hemorrhage, janeway lesions, CNS infarct)
-imm phen (glomerulonephritis, osler nodes, roth spot, +RF
-micro evidence atypicals

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7
Q

+ Duke

A

-2M
-1M + 3m
-5m

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8
Q

atypicals in endocard

A

E. coli
GA strep
GB strep
HACEK
fungi

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9
Q

HACEK

A

haemophilus
aggregatibacter
cardiobacterium
eikenella
kingella

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10
Q

CRAB criteria

A

-hypercalcemia
-renal impairment
-anemia
-bone lesions

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11
Q

CHF GDMT

A

-RAASi (ARNi, ACEi, ARB)
-BB (carvedilol, metoprolol)
-mineralocorticoid (spiranolactone, eplerenone)
-SGLT2i (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)
-diruetics (furosemide, torsemide)

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12
Q

Group 1 PH

A

PAH: damaged or narrowed arteries to lungs

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13
Q

Group 2 PH

A

left-sided HF

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14
Q

Group 3 PH

A

lung disease and/or hypoxia
(OSA, fibrosis, COPD)

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15
Q

Group 4 PH

A

pulmonary artery obstruction/thromboemboli

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16
Q

Group 5 PH

A

unknown or multiple factors
(p vera, essential thrombocythemia)

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17
Q

cellulitis organism

A

staph and strep

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18
Q

erysipelas

A

strep pyogenes

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19
Q

CAP organisms

A

-strep pneumo
-h fluenza
-kelbsiella
-legionella
-mycoplasma pneum
-chlamydia
-pseudamonas

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20
Q

meningitis organism

A

strep pneum
n meningitidis

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21
Q

COPD exacerbation tx

A

-bronchodilator (alb+iprat)
-prednisone 40
-abx (amox-clav, azithromycin, doxy)
-oxygen

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22
Q

COPD imaging

23
Q

COPD labs

24
Q

CHF labs

A

BNP
Troponin
Elec/BUN/creatinine
LFT
CBC
thyroid
glucose

25
Q

CHF imaging

26
Q

Sepsis labs

A

CBC
BMP
LFT
lactate
Coag panel
procalcitonin
CRP
ABG

27
Q

Sepsis infectious w/u

A

Bcx
site cx (Ucx, CSF, wound)
RPP
fungal panel

28
Q

Sepsis imaging

A

CXR
Abd US
CT/MRI

29
Q

Pneumonia labs

A

CBC
BMP
Procalcitonin
CRP
ABG

30
Q

SBP abx

A

Ceftriaxone
Pip-tazo

31
Q

meds for hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose
rifaximin

32
Q

meds for ascites/SBP

A

diuretics (spiranolactone/furosemide)
albumin

33
Q

meds variceal bleeding

A

vasoactive (terlipressin, octreotide, somatostatin)
abx (ceftriaxone)

34
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome drugs

A

vasoconstrictors (terlipressin, midodrine, norepi)
albumin

35
Q

coagulopathy drugs in liver failure

A

vitamin k
FFP, platelets, or cryoprecipitate

36
Q

meds for organ support in liver failure

A

N-acetylcysteine
prednisolone (no infection)
Granulocyte colony-SF
probiotics

37
Q

preventative drugs in liver disease

A

PPI - prevent GI bleeding
BB

38
Q

MM diagnostic criteria

A

CRAB: Calcium elevation, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions.

39
Q

Nephrotic syndrome diagnostic criteria

A

Proteinuria >3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.

40
Q

AKI diagnostic criteria

A

Cr ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, or ≥1.5 times baseline within 7 days, or urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 hours.

41
Q

HHNS diagnostic criteria

A

Hyperglycemia (>600 mg/dL), high serum osmolality (>320 mOsm/kg), and absence of significant ketosis.

42
Q

elevated BP

A

120–129/<80 mmHg.

43
Q

Stage 1 BP

A

130–139/80–89 mmHg.

44
Q

Stage 2 BP

A

≥140/90 mmHg.

45
Q

Hypertensive Emergency

A

BP >180/120 mmHg with end-organ damage.

46
Q

GOLD 1

A

Mild (≥80%)

47
Q

GOLD 2

A

Moderate (50–79%).

48
Q

GOLD 3

A

Severe (30–49%).

49
Q

GOLD 4

A

Very severe (<30%).

50
Q

BP goals in HTN emergency

A

-25% within minutes to 1 hour
-160/100 to 110 mm Hg within the next 2 to 6 hours
-back to normal over 24 to 48 hours

51
Q

MIST

A

Metabolic
Infective
Structural
Toxins

52
Q

GDMT CHF

A

RAAS inhibitor
BB
MRAs
SGLT2 inhibitor
Diuretics

Landmark trials (6 decks)

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