core human Flashcards
key population perameters
distribution, density, numbers, change
Total fertility rate
average number of children a mother will birth during reproductive age
where are infant mortality and crude death rates highest
IMR - Africa, Pakistan, Afghanistan & Laos
CDR - Africa (not northern) Russia & Eastern Europe
Morbidity rates
shown through the incidence of diseases. Non-communicable diseases higher in HIC’s, infections and biologically transmitted diseases higher in LIC’s
population structure
age, gender, economically active, dependents
Food security
available, accessible, affordable food that is safe and nutritious for healthy lifestyle. Food insecurity is the opposite - chronic hunger and food shortages
strategies to increase food security
↑ access to foreign markets, ↑ Tech and innovation, ↑ efficiency
Green Revolution
Mid 20th Century - ↑ technology = ↑ food security, amount of food and efficiency of farm
↑ use of fertilisers, mechanisation, irrigation and development of HYV’s, e.g. India - resulting in ↑ calorie intake in LIC’s and ↑160% grain yields
Carrying capacity
the maximum population that can be supported in an environment without the environment being severely degraded
Over, optimum and underpopulation
Overpopulation - too many people to be supported by the environment and its resources
Optimum Population - ideal number of people for environment and its resources
Underpopulation - Too little people to fully utilise the environment and its resources
International Migration patterns
230 million people live in a country that isn’t place of birth (2014), used to be common in world destinations but is now common in many cities in developing countries. ↑ migration as a result of globalisation
Chain migration
movement of people to an area that causes more people to follow to that area
stepped migration
gradual movement from origin to destination through a number of moves up hierarchy
Causes of Urban - Rural migration
Search for improved quality of life: crime, overpopulation, pollution and high cost of living. Quieter, less costly & more peaceful for elderly
Impacts of urban - rural migration
Destination: + Larger workforce, - increases pressure on services, - ↑house prices, - environmental degradation,, may upset locals
Origin: + released pressure on services, - deindustrialisation, - ↓ wealthier, elderly population, + younger population, - rise in anti-social behaviour