core designing and making principles

Question 1

context

Answer 1

the settings and surroundings where a final product will be used

Question 2

primary user

Answer 2

the person of group of people the product is aimed for

Question 3

stakeholder

Answer 3

a person other than the main user who comes into contact with or has an interest in the product

Question 4

factors that a designer must consider

Answer 4

• primary, secondary users and stakeholders
• the need for the product
• setting/environment that it is used in
• primary functions and restrictions
• seasonal trends
• stored/transported/repaired

Question 5

primary data

Answer 5

data collected firsthand from the main user or stakeholders
e.g. surveys, questionnaires, interviews, self-conducted studies

Question 6

secondary data

Answer 6

research collected by others - quicker and easier to use, but may not be specific to designer or user’s needs
e.g. websites, books, journals, tests reports

Question 7

client

Answer 7

the person the designer is working for (may or may not be the user)

Question 8

design brief

Answer 8

concise description of a task that designer will undertake to meet the client’s needs
the designer must refer towards the brief throughout process to ensure they are achieving it
should focus more on problem they are solving rather than design they are making to avoid design fixation

Question 9

design specification

Answer 9

a set of requirements that a product must meet or constraints it must fit into
- open state criteria that product must fit into but not how to achieve this
- closed are more detailed and state how criteria must be met e.g. by specifying tools or materials
covers ACCESS FM+

Question 10

throwaway society

Answer 10

a society that excessively consumes and wastes resources - follows linear economy

Question 11

ecodesign

Answer 11

designing sustainable products that will not harm the environment by considering the effects of the technology, processes and materials used

Question 11

cultural awareness

Answer 11

understanding the differences in attitude and values between people of different backgrounds and cultures

Question 11

anthropometrics

Answer 11

the study of the sizes of people in relation to products

Question 11

ergonomics

Answer 11

the relationship between people and the products they use
- makes a product more comfortable and easy by considering the shape of the human body and the force they use

Question 12

iterative design

Answer 12

a repeated cycle of quickly implementing designs of prototypes, gathering feedback and refining the design until it meets as much of the criteria as possible

Question 12

airbus

Answer 12

• airbus A380 is the world’s largest passenger aircraft - 800 passengers
• done by using lightweight composite materials to reduce overall weight and using biomimicry for inspiration, particularly eagles’ wings
• use CAD technology, including 3D printing of parts, particularly titanium, for excellent strength-to-weight ratio
• huge capacity of airbus Beluga reduces transportation costs and carbon footprint as fewer journies are needed to transport parts

Question 12

development

Answer 12

the creative process of selecting ideas, elements, materials and manufacturing techniques from initial ideas and using them in new ways to explore and produce newer and better ideas and deisgns

Question 12

modelling

Answer 12

trying out or testing ideas or parts of designs by making models

Question 13

apple

Answer 13

• pioneers in use of GUIs
• apple lisa computer in 1983 was the first desktop computer to have icons and a cursor controlled by a mouse (still used today)
• sleep design and consistent shapes and colours
• aesthetics and user comfort placed at forefront of design philosophy
• criticized for products developed with planned obsolescence

Question 14

james dyson

Answer 14

• innovative products that use new technology and engineering principles while improving on existing designs
• he noticed that the fuller the bag became, the more the suction levels dropped, making it less effective, so developed a design without the need for a dirtbag
• went though 5127 iterations of DC01 before gaining market interest

Question 15

phillipe starck

Answer 15

• well known and influential designer perhaps best known for work with Alessi, Italian homeware manufacturer, or FLOS, lighting company
• lemon squeezer “Juicy Salif” inspired by shape of a squid
• famous for using unconventional materials - moulded polycarbonate, used for low-cost dispoable products, used for “Louis Ghost” chair

Question 16

oblique drawing

Answer 16

a basic 3D drawing method, using lines projected at 45 degrees

Question 17

isometric drawing

Answer 17

3D drawing method, using 30 degree angles for projections of depth
- often used for exploded diagrams to show how parts in an assembly fit together

Question 18

perpsective drawing

Answer 18

a realistic 3D drawing method

Question 19

cardboard models

Answer 19

• easily cut and low cost
• can be scored, bent and joined with many adhesives
• available in many thicknesses
• can be laser cut
• useful for testing 2D linkages and mechanisms

Question 20

foam models

Answer 20

• more rigid and gives a more realistic appearance
• can be easily shaped using machines and can be interacted with by the user

Question 21

toiles

Answer 21

• a full sized textile model made from a cheaper fabric
• allows user to check fit and determine position of zips and buttons

Question 22

breadboard

Answer 22

a temporary method of constructing electronic circuits for testing

Question 23

prototype

Answer 23

an early model of a product or part of a product to see how something will look or function

Question 24

low fidelity prototype

Answer 24

a quick prototype that gives a basic idea of a product’s looks or functions

Question 25

high fidelity prototype

Answer 25

a detailed and very accurate prototype, similar to the final product

Question 26

user testing

Answer 26

testing by observing a user interact and use product for its intended purpose

Question 27

focus group

Answer 27

group of people used to check a product design is on track - their opinions are considered in order to improve the product

Question 28

A/B testing

Answer 28

user testing to choose between two different design ideas - often used to compare a newer version of a product to the existing version

Question 29

quantitative data

Answer 29

measureable data given in numerical form

Question 30

qualitative data

Answer 30

observations and opinions about a product