• Core Content: Textiles: Types – natural, synthetic and blended fibres 1 Flashcards
Name 2 common textile products made from fabrics.
Clothing
Home furnishings
Apart from clothing and home furnishings name other textile products made from fabrics
Medical applications
Car interiors and engines
Road and house building
Safety and security products
Define fibres
Fibres are very fine hair-like threads and are the basic building blocks of fabrics
What is a staple fibre?
A staple fibre is a short fibre
What is a filament fibre?
A filament fibre is a fibre that is a very long continuous length
Name 3 natural fibres that can be used in textiles.
Cotton
Wool
Silk
Name 3 synthetic fibres that can be used in textiles.
Polyester
Polyamide (nylon)
Elastane
Define natural fibres
Natural fibres are fibres from plant and animal sources
Define synthetic fibres
Synthetic fibres are fibres manufactured from oil-based chemicals
What are blended and mixed fibres
Blended and mixed fibres contain two or more different fibres
Give 5 reasons why you blend fibres together.
To help reduce the cost of the fabric
To make the fabric stronger
To make a fabric easier to care for
To enable fabrics to be more crease-resistant
To allow fabrics to be heat-set
Polyester and Cotton is a blended/mixed fibre.
Give reasons for adding the polyester to the cotton.
The polyester helps cancel out the shrinking of cotton
The polyester helps cancel out the creasing of cotton
The polyester helps cancel out the slow-drying of cotton
The cotton makes the fabric better at absorbing moisture
The cotton makes the fabric feel nicer to the skin
Explain how polyester and cotton blends can be very dangerous
Polyester and cotton blends are very dangerous when they are set alight
This is because the cotton burns easily and holds the polyester in place
As the polyester gets hot it starts to melt and drip.
The fabric burns very fiercely at high temperatures and gives off a lot of black smoke
What are polyester and cotton blends commonly used for
Polyester and cotton blends are used to produce:
shirts, bed sheets, car seat covers and furniture
What is elastane?
Elastane is a synthetic fibre manufactured from oil-based chemicals
Define blended/mixed fabrics
Blended/mixed fabrics are fabrics that contain two or more fibrest
State a common use for elastane
Elastane is used in sportswear
How are woven fabrics produced
Woven fabrics are produced by interlacing two sets of yarn at right angels to each other on a machine called a loom. The warp yarns run across the length of the fabric
The weft yarns run across the width of the fabric
The selvedge runs down the length of the fabric
Define warp
The yarns that run the length of the fabric - warp
Define weft
The yarns that run across the width of the fabric - weft
Define fraying
Fraying is when the weft yarn can pull out of the unfinished edge of the fabric - the raw edge
Define selvedge
A selvedge is formed at the edge where the weft yarns turn around a finished edge
Draw a plain weave
Label the weft direction, warp direction and the selvedge.
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What is meant by the “bias” of the material?
The bias of the material is when the interlacing warp and weft yarns makes the fabric strong and stable as the yarns do not stretch much, but the fabric will stretch diagonally.
Define plain weave
The plain weave is made by passing the weft yarn alternately over and under the warp. On each new row, the weft goes under the warp it went over on the previous row
Features of plain weave fabrics
The plain weave is the simplest and therefore the cheapest weave to produce
It produces firm, strong, hardwearing fabrics which look the same on both sides, and their smooth plains surface makes a good background for printing
Plain weave fabrics include calico, lawn, poplin and chiffon
Features of plain weave fabrics
The plain weave is the simplest and therefore the cheapest weave to produce
It produces firm, strong, hardwearing fabrics which look the same on both sides, and their smooth plains surface makes a good background for printing
Plain weave fabrics include calico, lawn, poplin and chiffon
What are plain weave fabrics often used for
Often used for fashion and furnishing fabrics
What are non-woven fabrics?
Fabrics that have been made directly from fibres without being woven or knitted
Types of non-woven fabrics
Felted fabrics
Bonded fabrics
What are felted fabrics?
Felted fabrics are made from wool fibres and use the natural felting ability of the wool to cause the fibres to matt together using heat, mechanical action and moisture
Bonded Fabrics:
State 4 ways of holding fibres together.
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Bonded fabrics are made from webs of fibres, which are held together in various different ways
Using a special adhesive
Thermal bonding - which makes use of the thermoplastic properties of some or all of the fibres, to fuse all the fibres together using heat and pressure
stitching with thread (stitch bonding)
Needle punching, which tangles the fibres together
What are bonded fabrics
Bonded fabrics are made from webs of fibres, which are held together in various different ways
State 4 properties or characteristics of felted fabrics.
Warm and soft
Does not fray
Not very strong does not drape well, no elasticity
Expensive
State the porperties of bonded fabrics
Cheap to manufacture and use
Not as strong as woven or knitted fabrics, and do not drape as well
Easy to sew
Crease-resistant
Does not fray
Give examples of non-woven fabrics
Bonded fabrics
Felted fabrics
State the uses of bonded fabric
Interfacings and interlinings
Disposable items (e.g. cleaning cloths and hospital items such as dressings
State the uses of felted fabrics
Hats
Slippers
Toys
Insulation materials
Upholstery
What are knitted fabrics?
Knitted fabrics are fabrics which are made from yarns which are looped together to make loser, more flexible fabrics
What are the two main types of looping in knitted fabrics called
Weft knit
Warp knit
-State 3 applications of weft knitted fabrics
Socks
T-shirts
Jumpers
State 3 applications of warp knit fabrics.
Swimwear
Underwear
Net curtains
Give 4 properties of weft knit fabric that makes it suitable for making scarves.
Very stretchy
Have a soft drape and do not crease easily
Will ladder easily is snagged
Trap air easily (and therefore warm in still air, but cool in windy weather as air can still get through the gaps in the fabric)
State the properties of warp knit fabrics
Less stretchy than weft knits - firm
Do not ladder and cannot be unravelled ‘row by row’
