Core conditions in CAHMS Flashcards
Q: What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
A: Disorders with early onset, affecting cognitive, social, and emotional development due to brain maturation issues.
Q: What are the core symptoms of ADHD?
A: Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Usually happens before the age of 7.
Q: What are common causes of ADHD?
A: Genetic factors, prenatal exposure (smoking, alcohol), neurotoxins, and psychosocial stressors.
Q: What are the first-line medications for ADHD?
A: Stimulants like Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and modified-release formulations (Concerta XL, Medikinet).
Q: What are non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD?
A: Parent training, classroom modifications, psychoeducation, and CBT.
Q: What are the core difficulties in ASD?
A: Social communication deficits, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors.
Q: How is ASD diagnosed?
A: Clinical observation, developmental history, ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule), and school/home assessments.
Q: What interventions are used for ASD?
A: Speech therapy, structured education, visual aids, and support from charities.
What are the key features of Tourette’s syndrome?
Multiple motor and vocal tics persisting for over a year.
What is the WASP mnemonic for differentiating tics?
Waxing/Waning, Activity reduced, Suppressible/Suggestible, Premonitory urge.
What are common comorbidities of Tourette’s syndrome?
ADHD, OCD, anxiety, and self-injurious behaviors.
What medications are used for severe tics?
Alpha-adrenergic agonists (Clonidine, Guanfacine), atypical antipsychotics (Aripiprazole, Risperidone).
Q: What is attachment?
A: The emotional bond between a child and caregiver, which influences emotional regulation and relationships.
Q: What are the types of insecure attachment?
A: Avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized, and reactive attachment disorder.
Q: What are the diagnostic criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder ?
A: Angry/irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness for at least six months.
Q: What distinguishes conduct disorder from ODD?
A: Conduct disorder involves violation of societal rules, aggression, and criminal behavior.
Q: How are ODD and CD treated?
A: Parent training, CBT, social skills training, and medications for comorbid ADHD.
Q: What is Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)?
A: Recurrent aggressive outbursts that are impulsive and disproportionate to the situation.
Q: How is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) diagnosed?
A: Persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts, occurring for 12+ months.
Q: What are treatments for IED and DMDD?
A: CBT, family interventions, and medications like SSRIs or mood stabilizers.
