Core communication models

Question 1

Name the 3 models

Answer 1

Transmission, interaction, transaction.

Question 2

What is the transmission model?

Answer 2

Also called linear model, this is a one-way communication. Sender –> message –> receiver..
Its a monolog, but remember that it will still have noise, which means that the message will not be a clear transmission from sender to receiver

Question 3

What is the noise?

Answer 3

Noise is what can influence the message transmission, the interpretation is influenced by noise.

Question 4

What are the negative and positive things about the transmission model?

Answer 4

It is a one-way communication, so it can be efficient when giving a message, but it can also be negative because there is only one message, and you cannot argument with the message/order.

Question 5

Give examples of noise

Answer 5

Semantic noise -> language
Physical/external noise -> bodily / looks
Psychological noise -> cognitive, prejudices.
Phisological noise -> Biological noise, like if you are born deaf.

Question 6

What is the interactional model?

Answer 6

Field of experience of sender –> message –> receiver’s field of experience –> feedback to the sender.

Two way communication, where you can only play 1 role at a time. The feedback is the receivers understanding. The understanding is shaped by the sender’s and receiver’s field of experience. It also take into account the noise, BUT not the non-verbal feedback.

Question 7

What is field of experience?

Answer 7

This is the culture, experiences, values and how you look upon the other in conversation.

Question 8

What are the negative and positive things about the interactional model?

Answer 8

It is criticized for only being verbal feedback, and not body language. It improves communication, because you’ll get feedback, so it helps you understand whether or not the message is understood.

Question 9

What is the transactional model?

Answer 9

Communicator -> message/shared field of experience/message+feedback for communication/meaning to take place, you must build shared meaning.
This is often found in relationships.
It takes noise very seriously.
What people says is often influenced by their past experience.

Question 10

What are the negative and positive things about the transactional model?

Answer 10

Positive: it takes non-verbal communication just as seriously as verbal.
Negative: It is very easy to be misunderstood, because you can over-analyse it. It is not very efficient for emergencies.

Question 11

What is communication about? (5 key terms)

Answer 11

5 key terms

• Meaning -> we cannot transmit meaning, because people interpret the message.
• Symbols -> are different from groups and cultures
• Environment -> the setting.
• Social interactions
• Process -> past experiences affects the new conversations.

Question 12

Theories are… ?

Answer 12

Manmade!

-> how we communicate depends on social background, and how we view life.

Question 13

What does the palo alto school say about communication?

Answer 13

You cannot not communicate

Question 14

What is the difference about non-communication and communication?

Answer 14

Communication has intention behind it, whereas non-communicative behaviour is informative.

Question 15

Communication is…?

Answer 15

How we construct one another, and this creates reality.

Question 16

Theories are constructions; a way of how we see the world. There are 4 dimensions of a theory, please name these.

Answer 16

1. Philosophical assumption
   - Epistemology (knowledge, what people claim to know), ontology (the nature of being), axiology (values)
   - The assumptions are the foundation of the theory.
2. Concepts
   - What the theorists is interested in (expectancy, violation, nonverbal behavior etc.)
   - The best theories provide explanations, about how things are linked. The goal of a theory should be to formulate and create a set of concepts.
3. Explanations
   - either common or practical.

common: events are connected, one variable is an outcome of an another.
practical: actions are goal related, outcomes are made to happen by the action chosen.

4. Principles
Interpret -> judgde -> how to act
- A guideline of how to
Identify a situation or event
Includes norms and values
Connection between actions and consequences.

Question 17

There are 2 kind of theories, one is universal/general laws the other is to improve social life in concrete ways -> what are they called?

Answer 17

The first is nomothetic, the other is practical. In this we work with practical theories…