Core 2 (Skeletal and Muscular Systems)

Question 1

Identify the major bones involved in movement:

Answer 1

Vertebral column

Shoulder girdle: clavicle and scapula

Arm: humerus, radius, ulna, carpals metacarpals and phalanges

Pelvis: Ilium, pubis, ischium

Leg: femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals metatarsals and phalanges

Question 2

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 2

A freely movable joint that allows for maximum movement. Examples include the hip and shoulder joint.

Question 3

What are the four structures within a synovial joint?

Answer 3

Ligaments
Tendons
Synovial fluid
Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

What do tendons and ligaments connect?

Answer 4

Tendons connect muscle to bone.
Ligaments connect articulating bones.

Question 5

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 5

Gliding joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Ellipsoid joint
Saddle joint
Ball and socket joint

Question 6

What type of joint is at the shoulder and what are the articulating bones?

Answer 6

Ball and socket joint
Articulating bones: humerus, scapula and clavicle

Question 7

Define flexion and extension:

Answer 7

Flexion is a decrease in the angle between two bones.
Extension is an increase in the angle between two bones.

Question 8

What are the 15 major muscles involved in movement?

Answer 8

Deltoid
Biceps
Triceps
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Pectorals
Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus
Rectus abdominis
Obliques
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior

Question 9

What is the relationship between muscles during movement?

Answer 9

Antagonic relationship that involves an agonist contracting and an antagonist relaxing and lengthening.

Question 10

What are the types of muscle contractions? What happens during each?

Answer 10

Concentric - the muscle shortens

Eccentric - the muscle lengthens while under tension

Isometric - muscle fibers activate but the muscle length stays the same (no movement)

Question 11

What is plantarflexion and what is the opposite action?

Answer 11

Pointing the foot away from the shin, the opposite action is dorsiflextion.

Question 12

What are the roles of the skeletal system?

Answer 12

Provides the framework and support to the body

Provides protection

Assists in movement by providing the attachment for muscles

Stores mineral (e.g calcium)

Produce blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 13

What are slightly movable joints called?

Answer 13

cartilaginous joints (e.g vertebral column)