Core 2 (Circulatory and Respiratory Systems) Flashcards
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and removing carbon dioxide and wastes.
What are the main components of the circulatory system?
The heart, blood and blood vessels.
What are the components of blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
What protein do red blood cells contain?
They contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body.
What are white blood cells?
Cells that are specialised to fight infection and disease.
How many chambers in the heart? Name them:
4 chambers
Top: right and left atrium
Bottom: right and left ventricle
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
Why is the pulmonary vein different from other veins in the body?
Unlike other vein which carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, the pulmonary vein carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
What is the cardiac cycle? What are the two phases?
The cardiac cycle is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Phases:
Diastole - The heart relaxes to fill up with blood.
Systole - The heart contracts and pushes blood under pressure out of the lungs.
Why would blood pressure increase during exercise?
Because the body uses more oxygen and therefore produces more carbon dioxide that it needs to get rid of.
What is cardiac output and how do you calculate it?
The amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute.
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
What is stroke volume
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped through the ventricle in each contraction.
How are athlete’s circulatory systems more effiecient?
Hypertrophy of the heart makes it stronger and allows for stronger contractions
More blood it pumped which supplies more oxygen to the body.
Decrease in heart rate because the heart has to work less for the same results.
What is the role of the respiratory system?
To supply oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide.
What is respiration in animals and plant cells?
The release of energy from food which requires oxygen.
