Core 1: Better health for individuals

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease.

Question 2

What are the dimensions of health?

Answer 2

Physical, Social, Emotional, Mental, Spiritual

Question 3

what is physical health

Answer 3

body aspect of health, absence of disease

Question 4

what is mental health

Answer 4

cognitive aspect of health
functioning of the brain e.g Dementia, alzeimers

Question 5

what is emotional health

Answer 5

person’s mood or emotional state, ability to recognise and express feelings adequately

Question 6

what is social health

Answer 6

ability to make and maintain meaningful relationships with others

Question 7

what is spiritual health?

Answer 7

sense of purpose in life. faith system, or create purpose

Question 8

How is health relative and dynamic?

Answer 8

Relative- Influencing by individual perception, past experiences, knowledge etc

Dynamic- health changes over time, aging, fluid always changing through life

Question 9

What are factors that influence our perceptions of health?

Answer 9

Gender
environment (geographical location)
health companies
advertising
level of education
peers
community
culture
socioeconomic status

Question 10

How is health a social construct?

Answer 10

Health is shaped and contructed by society and responsibility for health falls not upon just the individual but society as a whole.

Question 11

What influences our perceptions of health? (the determinants of health)

Answer 11

Individual:
knowledge, skills, attitudes, genetics

Socio-cultural:
family, peers, media, religion, culture

Socio-economic:
employment, education, income

Environmental:
geographical location, access to health services and technology

Question 12

Positive health status of young people
Health data

Answer 12

1. more australians completing year 12 than ever before
2. decreased death rates of young people (14-24)
3. hospitalisation of young people decreasing

Question 13

What are protective behaviours?

Answer 13

Protecting yourself from harm, in terms of health

-Regular physical activity (overweight obese), following laws (road safety), Gp checkups and protected sex ( sex health)

Question 14

What are risk factors?

Answer 14

Behaviours that put health at risk

Drinking, drugs, inactivity, non-monogamy etc

Question 15

What are modifiable and non-modifiable determinants of health?

Answer 15

Modifiable- can be changed (Knowledge, education, socioeconomic status, attitude)

Non-modifiable- can’t be changed (genetics, age, gender, ethnicity, environmental factors)

Question 16

Who has responsibility for health promotion?

Answer 16

*Individuals- promote their own health to others.
*Community groups/schools- provide info, input rules & regulations.
*NON government organisations- non-profit, specific issues, fundraisers, campaigns
*Governments-
-Federal (national) provide funding, campaigns.
-State, implement policies + regulate services
-Local, amenities, programs developed
*International organisations (WHO)- coordinate authority on international public health

Question 17

What is health promotion?

Answer 17

The process of preventing ill health and advancing the health of individuals and the community through planned interventions.
E.gs slip, slop, slap
healthy harold
towards zero
national tobacco campaign
no hat no play

Question 18

What are the different approaches to health promotion?

Answer 18

*Lifestyle approach:
-aims to provide knowledge and reduce incidence of risk behaviours
-E.gs
Towards Zero (road safety campaign)
Quit Now (national tobacco campaign)

*Preventative medical approach:
-medical treatments or interventions (traditional approach)
-E.g childhood immunisations/vaccinations, screenings (cancer, sight, high blood pressure)

*Public health approach:
-holistic approach, improving environment (determinants of health)
-health promoting schools and workplaces
-Polices (healthy food, sun safety, anti-bullying), health in cirriculum

Question 19

What is the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 19

-movement away from disease cure to prioritising preventive health promotion

Question 20

What does the Ottawa charter consist of?

Answer 20

5 action areas, 3 strategies

Question 21

What are the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 21

Dead Cats Smell Really Bad
-Developing personal skills
-Creating supportive environments
-Strengthening community action
-Reorientating health services
-Building health public policy

Question 22

What is ‘Developing personal skills?’

Answer 22

Supports personal and social development
- information and life skills to make positive health choices

-media campaigns, school PDHPE, online info

Question 23

What is ‘Creating supportive environments’?

Answer 23

Increasing the ability of people to make healthy choices when in environments such as schools, workplaces

-alcohol & smoke free zones, school zones limit.
Restricting junk food ads, healthy canteens, workplaces with gyms

Question 24

What is ‘Strengthening community action”?

Answer 24

Collective actions of the community to improve their health.

-driver reviver stations, drug support meetings.
Community fun runs, lollipop people, initiatives, RUOK day, Aboriginal medicare services

Question 25

What is ‘Reorientating health services’?

Answer 25

-Aims to make health systems more focused on communities
-Strengthen protective factors reducing risk factors, improve health determinants

-First aid & emergency care training, health professionals supporting quitting,
Free mammogram, school based vaccinations, bowel screening

Question 26

What is, ‘Building health public policy?’

Answer 26

Health departments and governments, legislative, regulatory, organisational taxation etc

-BAC limits, speed limits, seatbelt, smoking restrictions, tax on cigarettes, health warning on packaging.

Question 27

What are the 3 strategies of the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 27

Advocate
Mediate
Enable

Question 28

What are the principles of social justice?

Answer 28

Equity:
- promotes fairness and achieving equality.
-fair distribution of resources and entitlements
-E.g Medicare, public education

Diversity:
-valuing people for who they are and ensuring that their needs are met
-E.g translator services to overcome barriers

Supportive Environments:
-maintenance of healthy development of physical, social and online environments.
-E.g schools with strict ‘no bully’ environment,
50km/h suburban speed limits, mandatory seatbelts & airbags, speed cameras