Cord Injury and Dorsal Column Flashcards
level of cord injury and the degree of respiratory dysfunction
What’s vital capcital and respiratory function with hligh lessions (meaning C1-C2)?
5-10% of normal
cough is absent
level of cord injury and the degree of respiratory dysfunction
What’s vital capcital and respiratory function with hligh lessions at C3 through C6?
20% of normal
cough is weak and ineffective
level of cord injury and the degree of respiratory dysfunction
What’s vital capcital and respiratory function with hligh high thoracic cord injuries (ie, T2 through T4)?
30-50%
Cough is weak
level of cord injury and the degree of respiratory dysfunction
What’s respiratory function with lower cord injuries?
Improved respiratory function
level of cord injury and the degree of respiratory dysfunction
What’s vital capcital and respiratory function with injuries at T11?
Essentially normal vital capcity
cough is strong
respiratory dysfunction is minimal
What can C-5 injuries be classified as?
What’s complete?
What’s incomplete?
complete or incomplete injuries
the total loss of movement and sensation below the point of injury
some function below the level of injury is retained
Effects of C-5 Injuries
What’s the main sign?
What else can C-5 effect?
The patient is unable to move their wrist or hand BUT may have control in their shoulder/bicep area
Bowel and bladder dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction
Difficulty regulating heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and body temperature
Spasticity
Neuropathic pain
Muscle atrophy
Osteoporosis
Gallbladder and renal stones
The Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus Pathway
Deals with the conscious appreciation of fine touch, two-point discrimination, conscious proprioception, and vibration sensations from the entire body except for the head
What is shaken baby syndrome?
Atlanto-occipital dislocation - Meaning C1 has dislocated from C2
What does the ICP range?
Timeframe for edema in the brain?
0-15mmHg
72h
7-14 days
COUP and CONTRA COUP Injury?
Coup - direct tissue tearing and damage of vessels
Contra coup injury - when the force of the trauma is transmitted to the opposite side of the direct impact
How long does a concussion last?
24h-48h
Concussion
How is it caused?
What is the classic presentation of a concussion?
A temporary/reversible change in NS function without gross anatomic abnormality or tissue damage.
violent jarring of the brain such as a blow to the head or fac
LOC or altered sensorium <10 min is typical
Amnesia – retrograde, incident or anterograde not lasting more than 1h
Concussion - what are the prolonged symptoms?
Headache
Difficulty with balance
Postural changes (headache when up)
Dizziness or lightheaded
Feeling onset of “blackout” or fainting
Lack of concentration
Irritability & insomnia
Vomiting (esp. in children) is common
Diplopia - double vision
Contusion - what is it?
complications?
is there amnesia?
Bruised & necrotic cortex & white matter with
petechial hemorrhages & significant edema - due to damage from blunt trauma
Patient will have residual, permanent neurological deficit
yes - retrograde, incident or anterograde, lasting more than 1 hour, & usually weeks
