Corals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the phylum and class for corals

A

Cnidaria

Anthozoa

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2
Q

What do they all have

A

Stunning cells called nematoblasts

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3
Q

When did they evolve

A

Cambrian

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4
Q

What is the soft body called

A

Polyp

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5
Q

What is its skeleton made out of

A

Calcium carbonate

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6
Q

What is the whole skeleton called

A

Corallum

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7
Q

What are the types of corals

A

Solitary

Compound

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8
Q

What is the Calice

A

Bowl shaped depression where the soft polyp sits

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9
Q

What is the columella

A

Rod that supports the septa

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10
Q

What is the epitheca

A

Outer most layer of the skeleton

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11
Q

What is the tabula

A

Horizontal plates dividing the coralita skeleton

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12
Q

What is the corallite

A

The skeleton produced by one coral polyp

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13
Q

What are the growth lines

A

Wrinkles produced as the coral grows

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14
Q

What are dissepiments

A

Curved plates connected to septa and tabulae

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15
Q

What are the septa

A

Vertical plates dividing the corallite skeleton

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16
Q

What are the tree main orders of corals

A

Rugose
Tabulate
Scleractinia

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17
Q

Are rugose corals extinct and are they solitary or colonial

A

Yes

Both

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18
Q

The epitheca is what (Rugose)

A

Wrinkled

19
Q

How big are the corallites and do they have mural pores (Rugose)

A

Large

No

20
Q

What kind of symmetry do they have (Rugose)

A

Bilateral

21
Q

Geological range (Rugose)

A

Ordovician to Permian

22
Q

Are tabulate corals extinct

A

Yes

23
Q

Solitary or colonial (Tabulate)

A

Always colonial

24
Q

How developed is their tabulae (Tabulate)

A

Well developed

25
Q

How big are the corallites and are mural pores present (Tabulate)

A

Small

Maybe present

26
Q

What kind of symmetry do they show (Tabulate)

A

Radial symmetry

27
Q

How well is the development the septa (Tabulate)

A

Poor or absent

28
Q

Are dissepiments present (Tabulate)

A

May have dissepiments

29
Q

Do they have a collumela (Tabulate)

A

No

30
Q

Geological range (Tabulate)

A

Cambrian to Permian

31
Q

Are Scleractinian Corals extinct

A

No

32
Q

Are the solitary or colonial (Scleractinian)

A

Both

33
Q

Do they have mural pores (Scleractinian)

A

No mural pores between the colonial forms

34
Q

What kind of symmetry do they have (Scleractinian)

A

Radial symmetry knows as hexagonal symmetry

35
Q

What do they always have (Scleractinian)

A

Tabulae

36
Q

What is evenly developed (Scleractinian)

A

Secondary septa

37
Q

Geological range (Scleractinian)

A

Triassic to Now

38
Q

What is the mode of life for corals

A

Sessile
Symbiotic relationship between the algae (Zooxanthellae) in which the coral provides protection and the algae provides a food source

39
Q

What feature do the soft bodied polyps have

A

Tentacles

40
Q

What is the purpose of tentacles

A

To feed

41
Q

What are the ideal conditions for growth

A
At or just below sea level
Clear waters
High-energy levels
Stable salinity
Between 23 and 27degrees C
42
Q

Where are they found in the world

A

30 degrees north and south from the equator

43
Q

What are the types of reef

A

Fringing reefs
Barrier reef
Atolls