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Geology Fossils Unit > Bivalves > Flashcards

Bivalves Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum and class do they belong to

A

Mollusca

Bivalvia

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2
Q

When did they evolve and are there around today

A

Cambrian

Yes

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3
Q

What dies articulated mean

A

The valves are joined together but can move along the hinge lines

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4
Q

What does disarticulated mean

A

The valves are no longer joined together

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5
Q

What does equivalve mean

A

Valves of the same size

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6
Q

What does inequivalve mean

A

Valves of different size

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7
Q

What are siphons

A

Soft tissue that take in fresh water and filter it and removed used water

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8
Q

Where are most bivalves symmetry

A

Along the hinge line

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9
Q

How do you know if a bivalve is left or right (sinistral or dextral)

A

The direction of the umbone

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10
Q

Where is the umbone

A

It sits directly above the hinge line

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11
Q

What does the hinge itself consist of and rowdies it work

A

Protruding teeth and sunken pit-like sockets

These articulate against one another when the valves open and close, keeping the structure stable

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12
Q

On the outside f the shell, where the valves are joined what is there and what covers the area

A

Hinge plate

A ligament covers the area but decays in death

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13
Q

Where is the shell secreted

A

Mantle (part of the soft tissue inside the bivalve

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14
Q

What marks the position of the soft tissue

A

Palatial line on the inside of the shell

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15
Q

Finding it hard to remember the differences between Bivalves and Brachiopods?

A

Got to page 245 in the Geology OCR AS/A2 text book

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16
Q

What is the byssus

A

A group of thread-like structures made of a protein called collagen

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17
Q

What is a byssal notch

A

A shallow indentation or hole, which means the byssus does not interfere with opening and closing of the valves

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18
Q

What is cement

A

The calcareous substance secreted by the mantle and attaches the left valve to the substrate

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19
Q

What did they use to feed

A

Inhalant and exhalant siphons

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20
Q

What do the inhalant and exhaling siphons do

A

Inhalant-bring’s in fresh water

Exhalant-remove waste water

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21
Q

What removes particles from the water

A

The gills

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22
Q

How do some bivalves move

A

Using a muscular foot

23
Q

What are the three types of epifaunal bivalves

A

Mytilus
Ostrea
Gryphaea

24
Q

What is unique about Mytilus that no other type has

A

It is attached to the substrate by the byssus (allows lying in high-energy environment)

25
Q

What does the layer of periostracum do (Mytilus)

A

Protects it from acidic rain/river water

26
Q

Function of strong shell (Mytilus)

A

Lives in a high-energy environment

27
Q

Streamline (Mytilus)

A

Protect against currents

28
Q

Large adductor muscles (Mytilus)

A

To hold valves tightly together to stop the shell drying out in low tide

29
Q

What is special about Ostrea

A

It is cemented

30
Q

How do they attach to the sea floor (Ostrea)

A

By secreting cement for the mantle

31
Q

What valve always attaches (Ostrea)

A

Left valve

32
Q

Strong, thick shell (Ostrea)

A

To withstand high-energy environments

33
Q

Strong adductor muscle (Ostrea)

A

To keep closed in high-energy currents

34
Q

Vales of different sizes (Ostrea)

A

Larger left valve is cemented to the rock while right valve acts like a lid

35
Q

What type of oyster is Gryphaea

A

Extinct

36
Q

How did Gryphaea live

A

Rested on sea floor on a convex left valve so left valve was much bigger than right valve

37
Q

What effect did this convex left valve give them (Gryphaea)

A

Snow shoe effect

38
Q

What are the two examples of infaunal bivalves

A

Crytherea

Solen

39
Q

How deep of a burrower is Crytherea

A

Shallow

40
Q

What part is shallow (Crytherea)

A

Palatial sinus, indicating short siphons

41
Q

What do ribs/growth lines show (Crytherea)

A

Help grip the sediment when burrowing

42
Q

Streamline shell (Crytherea)

A

To help move through the sand easier

43
Q

Large adductor muscle scars (Crytherea)

A

For large adductor muscle for keeping vales closed

44
Q

How deep of a browser is Solen

A

Deep

45
Q

What is the shell (Solen)

A

Elongated and the valves not completely close

46
Q

What does a large palatial sinus mean (Solen)

A

Long siphons

47
Q

Unornamented and streamline (Solen)

A

Enable it to move easily up and down through the sediment

48
Q

Small adductor muscle scars (Solen)

A

No need to open and close the valves in the burrow

49
Q

Anterior and posterior gapes (Solen)

A

Indicates that the siphons cannot be retracted into the burrow

50
Q

Name the nektonic bivalve

A

Pecten

51
Q

What is special about pecten and how does it do it

A

Swimming

Uses a single powerful adductor muscle called monomyarian

52
Q

How are the valves shaped (Pecten)

A

The valves are flattened on one side and rounded on the other like an aeroplane

53
Q

Ribbed, corrugated thin valves (Pecten)

A

Gives it strength without weight

54
Q

One flattered valve and one curved (Pecten)

A

Gives hydrofoil effect to allow movement through the water when swimming

Geology Fossils Unit (13 decks)

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