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Roman Arc > Copy of Roman Arc - Sheet3 > Flashcards

Copy of Roman Arc - Sheet3 Flashcards

1
Q

Aquarossa

A

6th: middle ground btwn Murlo and Atrium houses; friezes depict banqueting with women, Herakles

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2
Q

Why does S Etruria grow faster

A

Tufa erodes to flat plateaus

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3
Q

425 Samnium

A

Major sancts at foci (Pietrabondante); minor at villages; warrior burials

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4
Q

Baratella

A

Este: primary shrine to Reitia; from 8th; writing tablets and styli by women

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5
Q

Gatcombe date, location

A

III=Gallic exile?, Bristol

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6
Q

Fishbourne II

A

c. 75-III: villa with 100m porticoe; local and med materials manufactured on-site

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7
Q

9th Rome

A

Both shift to inhume in fossa. Forum pots superior. Rise in pop.

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8
Q

How did development progress in Africa

A

intensification of pre-existing practice. However, nonetheless undermined trad structures; increased sedentary agriculture and town size

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9
Q

Potter on the Wall

A

c. 200, TS from Gaul, finewear from Trier, mortaria from Northampshire; local cooking pots; From IV, production centralized in Yorkshire

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10
Q

Innovation at Central OdellO

A

8th: Putative gens around male inhumation/female cremation; strict separation from out-group; contamination and no gender, age, or social distinction within; clustering indicates multiple branches

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11
Q

S Ombono II

A

525: 3-sided podium; fluted wooden columns; terracotta pediment, acroterion showing Hercules, Minerva; SPINDLE WHORLS=idiosyncratic

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12
Q

Why is La Tene absent in South?

A

N and W is burial; S settlement. And sole necropolis in Liguria dominated by La Tene weaponry

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13
Q

Why can’t Hingley escape Millet/Haverfield?

A

Reliant on Finley-derived economy; despite rhetoric, dichotomy still determines metanarrative

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14
Q

Syria pattern

A

Hellenistic village–>moderat villas of vets, local mags; upland villages entirely specialized–>late Roman agglomerations c. 40km2 without any central planning. Moreover, villas subdivide. –>Byzantine increases in density + domination by church of continued monoculture

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15
Q

Fish factories, duration in Spain, Africa

A

28; From caesar; peak Claudius to SS; recover under C; die Gaiseric

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16
Q

10th Rome

A

both cremate in dolium in pozzo, leave hut urns, but pot style differs. One grave on Palatine

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17
Q

Lex Manciana

A

coloni and heirs farm until land fallow for 2 consecutive years, pay 1/3; incentives to cultivate new land; improvements to land apear to have been alienable–>coloni could plant olives/other polyculture, lease right to harvest

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18
Q

Rural centers at Veneti

A

625

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19
Q

Construction process

A

Architect bids with plans, elevations; contract redemptores, who subcontract fabri

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20
Q

Resources of Latium

A

Less fertile than Campania; fewer minerals than Etruria

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21
Q

Fishbourne 1

A

Supply depot–>great house

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22
Q

600-550 Rome settle

A

S Ombono I; Vesta; Cippus; tufa blocks; arx on Capitoline

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23
Q

6th Veneti

A

Padua, shrines delimit Chora, single necropolis; Este: several necropoleis, shrines delimit urban zone;

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24
Q

Evidence for families in camps

A

Shoes, jewelry

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25
Q

African hinterlands

A

Beyond Caesarea and Kasserine, montagnard and vets at Diana Veteranorum, respectively

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26
Q

Largest Ship

A

Isis=1,200 ~East India vs. Wyoming- 4,000

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27
Q

Owner of multiple?

A

Aetius; chemical composition

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28
Q

7th (Etruria)

A

Mounds (e.g. Banditaccia); ambiguous monumental complexes (Murlo I)

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29
Q

8th Latium

A

Huts of pise (Lavinium, Fidenae) and straw roofs, c. 50-100m2

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30
Q

7th Latium

A

Consolidation, fortification, increase in grave goods (chariots at Castel di Decima–including female grave)

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31
Q

800-725 Rome (burial)

A

proto-pomerium (palatine and Velia)–>children in Forum. Adult graves show imports

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32
Q

Who excavated Esquiline tombs

A

Lanciani

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33
Q

5th NW

A

La Tene appears in N and W; migration to hilltops begins

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34
Q

Villas in Baetica

A

I-IV; mines. Guadalcuivir divided into 3 (lower laborers live in villas or agro-ville)

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35
Q

% imported at GAtcombe

A

60% from 100km+

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36
Q

Kasserine location, timeline

A

Western Tunisia; Increase during I-II; peak from III-V; end VI.iv

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37
Q

(Urbanized) pop of Hermopolis

A

1.5 of 4.5

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38
Q

Fish factories, duration in Brittany

A

6; Claudius to Constantine

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39
Q

Chronology of RS

A

ITS dominats; From 70a, Gallic restricts to Aegean; from 150, ARS pushes Gallic North of Alps; once stamps begin, chronology geteriorates

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40
Q

9th Latium

A

Clusters of hut settlements (Palatine, Esquiline); common graveyards (Osteria dell’Ossa)

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41
Q

Beneventum rise

A

325: artisans, monumental terraces, necropolis–>mini Larinum; Staii at Delos indicate wealth; soldiers indicate good demographics

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42
Q

Size, capacity of Albenga

A

450 tons; 10,000 Dressel 1; near Nice, c. 100b

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43
Q

Elsewhere at OdellO (3)

A

bodies rearranged, surrounded by travertine (including woman with iron, bear’s tooth); writing; Villanovan warrior tomb

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44
Q

ARS trends

A

Dummy curve–> increase from 100, peak c. 150, fall to 175 (Classis Africana COMMODIANA)

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45
Q

S Ombono I

A

575: 10*10 podium; single cella; amber, bones, latin and Etruscan inscriptions (1/2 lion with Etruscan name); pediment ~ Artemis at Corfu

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46
Q

Lybian Valley pattern

A

Figs, fruits, industrial olive press. Mausolea in Roman style with Lybian epigraphy; courtyard farms later fortified

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47
Q

Who stamped at La Graufesenque

A

Gallic owner–>advery, potter’s sign for internal use

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48
Q

South Etruria under Rome - trends

A

Drop to 350; rebound to 250; drop to 100; rebound by Aug; then double, maintain till Phillip

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49
Q

Mixture of settlements in Ager Faliscus (S Etruria)

A

1/5 villas; 1/3 huts; 2/5 farms

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50
Q

Larinum

A

4th: absorbs nearby villages, expands; produces black-glazed

51
Q

Sacrifices at St Ombono

A

625

52
Q

Peak of Northern production

A

3rd: Northern environment/ag practices (dep soil, husbandry) + Roman context (investment, trade, markets)–>innovations mouldboard plow, coulter

53
Q

Lybian valleys dates

A

I-V

54
Q

Who stamped at Arrezzo

A

Roman owner, Greek slave

55
Q

Monte Vairano

A

350: consumption, redistribution, production of black-glazed, temples, houses of power, WINE CONSUMPTION

56
Q

Late Bronze Age Italy

A

Homogenous; hilltop villages=dozens; sporadic occurence of one large building per settlemen–>impermanent stratification

57
Q

Auditorium III

A

3rd: loses olive press, divides into impluvium, altar

58
Q

4th NW

A

Migration to hilltops accelerates; Lepontic (Goalseccan script) disappears

59
Q

Regia I

A

600: entrance, courtyard, shrines to Ops and Mars

60
Q

How does Romanization begin

A

Consumption: wine, fashion–>hygiene, architecture; ornamental to economic gardens

61
Q

Africa Proconsularis pattern

A

Never more than 2 presses; extensive baths. Intensive fieldwalking + 10,000 sherd analysis—>good regional dates

62
Q

South Etruria under Rome

A

New towns at nodes, settlements more than compensate for losses; pollen and sediment indicate increased ag; from II-VI farms and huts disappear to hills

63
Q

650-600 Rome settle

A

2m fill; roofing tiles from Velabrum; pebbled paving and STEP DOWN into Forum; demarcation of Regia–>Phase 1; sacrifices and idiosyncratic votives at Sant’Ombono

64
Q

Defensive walls?

A

Post Veii: fossa->grotta oscura->agger, retaining wall

65
Q

Where did Roman limes stabilize

A

WWhere surplus crops of cereals ALREADY HARVESTED

66
Q

Africa Proconsularis dates

A

Segermes Valley, East T = Kasserine: increase to peak III-IV; end during VI

67
Q

Cremation, Charon’s pennies at Samnium

A

475

68
Q

Lex Hadriana de rudibus agris

A

Generalizes ad hoc responses to petitions from Coloni to cultivate unused land not occupied by conductores; like Manciana, no rents for olives for 10 years; nor for vines for 5

69
Q

Portonaccio Temple

A

Outside walls of Veii; 510-500; myths on acroterion depict Apollo, Leto, and Heracles in Greek myth

70
Q

650-600 Rome burial

A

chamber tombs house Sarcos, urns, lavish grave goods

71
Q

Excavator of Gatcombe

A

Brannigan the exxagerator

72
Q

Caesarea pattern

A

Functional desgin, placement along roads, full oileries, dependence of ALL nearby villages–>intensive absentee (conductor-run)

73
Q

Workshops at Arrezo

A

100, with 10-20 potters

74
Q

Ager Cosanus

A

Villae maritimae by 2nd; during early E, crowd out huts; during late E, villas decrease, farms disappear

75
Q

8th Veneti

A

Pop centers develop; dedications to Reitia at Baratella in Este

76
Q

Early northern innovations

A

Scythe–>hay meadow

77
Q

Decorations of Murlo II

A

c. 600; secular friezes (banqueting, marriage procession), apotropaic terracottas on roof;

78
Q

725-650 Rome burial

A

Few people more richly; children with (e.g. Amber, gendered bracelets)

79
Q

Auditorium II

A

475: earliest and largest olive presses in IT; one of 2 residences over 500m2 prior to Hellenistic

80
Q

Family at Settefinestre

A

Sestii

81
Q

Caesarea dates, location

A

South of Menorca; Peak I-II; decline II

82
Q

550-500 Rome settle

A

Area Capitolina, Capitolium completes trio of multi-purpose centers; atrium houses appear along the route; S Ombono II; Regia takes cannonical form; Auditorium Villa phase I

83
Q

Largest dedication of Plancia Magna

A

Gate-arch of Perge dedicated to patria makes no reference to man. Moreover, female figures dominate rich statuary

84
Q

High/Low count

A

6/14mil–>1.2 vs 1.34 per worker

85
Q

Barbotine

A

Like icing a cake

86
Q

6th Etruria

A

Tagliate, Cuniculi, roads to necropoleis; distinction between urban and rural; circumscription of religious spaces (apotropaic sculpture

87
Q

800-725 Rome settlement

A

huts on Palatine; rectilinear from pise, leveled dirt floors, drainage channels

88
Q

Alfedana

A

N Samnite cemetary, from 6th: 12,000 in cists, wooden coffins; possible gentes in concentric rings

89
Q

Kasserine pattern

A

Agro-villes c. 50ha, with 20+ presses; estates with 4+ and dependent farms; mausolea links to municipal aristos

90
Q

Fixed dates for RS chronologies

A

German forts, Pompeii; Hadrian and AP Walls

91
Q

Murlo II

A

c. 600: 60*60m; rooms surround central portico with shrine and finewear; brick workshop nearby; offices of confederacy

92
Q

Innovations at NW Osteria dell’Ossa

A

900: cremation in pozzo to inhumation a fossa; miniatures to full-size sword

93
Q

6th Samnium

A

Hercules shrines at foci of tratturo network; Alfedana cemetary; regional patterning for grave goods (Vases vs. statues)

94
Q

Creative appropriation in Padua

A

Togate male; female in Venetic costume

95
Q

House forms in Cheviotts

A

Move to curvilenear; Roman-style huts over abandoned ramparts

96
Q

Britain during II

A

civic Arch regresses; elites build sig private houses; irregular towns arise near civitas borders

97
Q

Madrague de Giens

A

40m; 300-400 tons; 6-8000 Dressel 1B (3-4 levels); sank off Toulon under Nero

98
Q

Distribution at NW OdellO

A

4-5 men cremated central; inhumed adult women; inhumed young men and women, children, infants (N varied a bit)

99
Q

Why was NW liminal

A

Simplon pass

100
Q

Size, contents of Gatcombe

A

200*300m; smith, bakery, slaughterhouse; house assumed

101
Q

Carvel built

A

Yadi Assa and Madrague de Giens; mortice and tendon.

102
Q

Banditaccia

A

Cerveteri, 7th-: rock-cut chambers, gold/silver vessels, bronze arms

103
Q

Differentiation in NW OdellO

A

North gives meat to all, only urn to central; South vice-versa

104
Q

Female Chariot

A

Castel di Decima (7th), but Laurence says gendered

105
Q

Regia Final

A

525: arch terracottas; entrance flanked by shrines–>portico

106
Q

8th-7th Samnium

A

~Bronze; transhumance; gendered grave goods; traumatic lesions, post-cranial

107
Q

Lagole

A

Water, writing; focus of network; dedications by individuals and communities

108
Q

Variations at Solway

A

North of wall, 20% walled; south, 2% with rectilinear, larger fields

109
Q

Size of Hingley’s largest roundhouse

A

200m2

110
Q

How do African landowners invest

A

Infrastructure, processing facilities

111
Q

How would people focalize Roman towns?

A

Along local political lines (products of Elite 1; or think of Pompeii after social war)

112
Q

Example of urbanization change

A

Arsinoite nome, Crocodilopolis: 10-20%

113
Q

Laborers on baths

A

15% of population. INcluding quarries, up to 20,000. Over 6 years

114
Q

6th Latium

A

Civic, religious replace burials as context for display; first of 13 altars at Lavinium

115
Q

8th (Etruria)

A

nucleation accelerates

116
Q

Who excavated Forum tombs

A

Boni

117
Q

Why did NW finally Romanize

A

Connubium, comercium undermined

118
Q

Vicarious literacy

A

Babatha; Tebtunis shows 20% with Egyptian names party to written contracts

119
Q

Villanovan

A

Etruria, 11-10: nucleation to 100ha, 1,000p

120
Q

Auditorium I

A

525

121
Q

Auditorium III

A

2nd: reintegration–>Atrium house

122
Q

1st, 2nd NW

A

La Tene continuity, numismatic continuity. Cf. Cottius of Insubres

123
Q

Tech improvements at mines

A

Water-lifting; shoring—>wagon-sized tunnels

Roman Arc (3 decks)

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