Copy of Roman Arc - Sheet1 Flashcards
Dedication of Ara pacis
January 30, 9b=Livia’s birthday
Size, capacity of Albenga
450 tons; 10,000 Dressel 1; near Nice, c. 100b
Oldest temple at Pompeii
Apollo (current version = 2)
Fabri in collegia
1200, each of whom controlled 5-10 laborers
Largest dedication of Plancia Magna
Gate-arch of Perge dedicated to patria makes no reference to man. Moreover, female figures dominate rich statuary
opus reticulatum
Tufa in diagonals
Laborers on baths
15% of population. INcluding quarries, up to 20,000. Over 6 years
Who erects images of Augustus after 27? What is the largest one?
Senate; ara pacis
Use of caementium under republic
banausic>civic (facade)>religious
Etruscan grid plan c. 500
Marzabotto
(Urbanized) pop of Egypt
1.5 of 4.5
Lybian valleys dates
I-V
Fish factories, duration in Brittany
6; Claudius to Constantine
End of ‘diadoch style’
Triple Victory–>Apollo Palatinus, 29
Lybian Valley pattern
Figs, fruits, industrial olive press. Mausolea in Roman style with Lybian epigraphy; courtyard farms later fortified
Carvel built
Yadi Assa and Madrague de Giens; mortice and tendon.
Where was Augustus’ statue in the Agrippan Pantheon
Intended for inside. However, transition mandated exterior
Location of Fora
Intersection of Cardo and Decumanus
Opus Testaceum
Brick
Africa Proconsularis pattern
Never more than 2 presses; extensive baths. Intensive fieldwalking + 10,000 sherd analysis—>good regional dates
Fish factories, duration in Spain, Africa
28; From caesar; peak Claudius to SS; recover under C; die Gaiseric
Samnite takeover of Pompeii
410
Connotations of grain under Augustus
peace, fertility, Arvales, annona
Why no tablinum in Vetii
Even augustalis has few clients
Sole THEORETICAL innovation of Pantheon
transition from 8 bays-7 rings of coffer–>break between drum and dome (W-P)
Where do coronae civicae appear later on?
funeral altars, doorway–>generic representation of past services.
Examples of Second Style
Villa of Mysteries, house of Augustus
Tech improvements at Rio Tinto
Water-lifting; shoring—>wagon-sized tunnels
Introduction of rustification
Porta Maggiore (Claudius): concrete aqueduct, travertine arches with rusticated bottoms
Largest house at Pompeii
Faun: 2 atria, 2 peristyles; Alex mosaic between peristyles
Example of urbanization change
Arsinoite nome, Crocodilopolis: 10-20%
Originals at Apollo Palatinus
Apollo of Scopas, Bulls of Myron
Composition of Coliseum
Travertine exterior; tufa interior—>stone skeleton; concrete limited to arches, upper stories; timber seats
First groin vault
Domus Aurea
How does Quintillian characterize the Augustan ‘superculture?’
Borrowing a little of this, little of that
Construction of Coliseum
10 years: 4 quadrants, each divided into sub-groupings run by specialists. Fabri and subordinates specialize in single task; bricks prefabbed in bulk
Earliest preserved basilica
Pompeii: 2 stories (Doric over Ionic); nave columns of kiln-fired tiles; engaged columns also; tile roof on timber beams
Architect of Trajan’s markets
Apollodorus of Damascus
Second Style
Brush and pigment imitate projections into space (columns, pediments), dissolve walls; linear perspective invites viewer in; later includes even mythic landscapes (e.g. Odyssey) and scaenae
High/Low count
6/14mil–>1.2 vs 1.34 per worker
Decree of Ara pacis
July 4, 13b (return from West)
Estruscan temple colums
wooden, unfluted, widely spaced, low; permit view of cella; to side but not back
Architect of Domitian
Rabirius
Syria pattern
Hellenistic village–>moderat villas of vets, local mags; upland villages entirely specialized–>late Roman agglomerations c. 40km2 without any central planning. Moreover, villas subdivide. –>Byzantine increases in density + domination by church of continued monoculture
Largest Ship
Isis=1,200 ~East India vs. Wyoming- 4,000
Hierarchy of Augustus’ restorations
regime>trad gods>small cults>foreign
Africa Proconsularis dates
Segermes Valley, East T = Kasserine: increase to peak III-IV; end during VI
ARS trends
Dummy curve–> increase from 100, peak c. 150, fall to 175 (Classis Africana COMMODIANA)
How did collegia facilitate interaction between membership and Aug?
collegia organizes new cult; Aug donates statue; magistri (free or slave) donate altar, statue of (e.g. pax)
Composition of the Villa dei papyri sculptural complex
Greek Paideia (copy of demosthenes) with Roman pietas, nobilitas (flamen, portraits), linked by Athena promachos (Athens at moment of triumph).
statuary on Etruscan temples
Terracotta on top; no pediments
Why did Rome itself lag
(e.g.) Cato discouraged innovation; philhellenes discouraged adaptation
Earliest amphitheater, size
Pompeii: c. 80, 20,000
African hinterlands
Beyond Caesarea and Kasserine, montagnard and vets at Diana Veteranorum, respectively
How would people focalize Roman towns?
Along local political lines (products of Elite 1; or think of Pompeii after social war)
Madrague de Giens
40m; 300-400 tons; 6-8000 Dressel 1B (3-4 levels); sank off Toulon under Nero
Caesarea pattern
Functional desgin, placement along roads, full oileries, dependence of ALL nearby villages–>intensive absentee (conductor-run)
Constraints on Augustan symbolism
Few myths map meta-narrative: modesty, aversion to Asiatic style, battle scenes, etc.
Why innovative design?
Weak local stones cannot support inter-columnar; opus caementium effective and economic–>use in areas where practical concerns dominate
Size of Pompeii
10-20,000
Lex Hadriana de rudibus agris
Generalizes ad hoc responses to petitions from Coloni to cultivate unused land not occupied by conductores; like Manciana, no rents for olives for 10 years; nor for vines for 5
Location of ara pacis
Via Flaminia, at the pomerium/greeting point?
Why do reliefs separate victors from vanquished?
Create space for emotion and thus tragedy
opus testaceum
brick; imperial–>accurate control of alignment during pouring process; structural support during building
Yadi Assa
20m; 1,100 amphorae off Bodrum
Metanarrative of Ward-Perkins
Roman structure emerging from discursive strength of Greek Art.
Peak for mills and water-lifting
I-III
Connotations of motherhood, under Augustus
bounty, family, motherhood, spring, morality
Genius between lares?
Paterfamilias but dressed as priest
Scope of second style
80-15
tensile strength of caementium
Recognized under Augustus. Before, elongated courses of caementa laid in radial courses (~a la coffer)
House of the Menander date
30
House with no decoratiosn
Principe di Napoli
For Elsner, how does Emperor function
Hieratic sign of conquest; from MA?
Similarities between XP and Aug
Both leverage polysemous and undetermined signs to self-represent in terms understandable to all
Why Peter and Paul on Junius Bassus
ROMAN CHARACTER OF XP
Significance of Basus’ Hyllas
mere paideia
Significance of Symachi relief
Greek as resistance
Significance of Junius Bassus
Roman XP–>Greek abandoned.
Fortuna Primigenia
100b
How many pantheon coffers
28
Tabularium
78b: tufa-faced concrete arch; columnar facade
Dura Europus type
Titulus
Christ as Emperor with togati-apostles
S Pudenzia
Efficacy of Haggia Eirene
through 360
Highest points in Constantinople?
Apostles>Forum>augusteion
What does Eusibius ignore (3)
Mass @ Column of C-Helios; proskynesis of image at Hippodrome; desire for masses at 13th Apostle; few churches
, form of Lateran
3,000; green and red columns, octagonal baptistry, residence, silver figures
