COPD Flashcards by Brina Quintanilla Reyes

What does COPD mean?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who has the most death/COPD causes ?

White people

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who has the least amount of COPD cases?

Hispanics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Over how many people have COPD?

16 million

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

COPD is the what leading cause of death?

Third

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gender differences of COPD

More men have it
More woman die from it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is exacerbation mean?

Worsen of a condition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s the number reason of getting COPD?

Smoking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

COPD is what? (3)
Characizteried by?

Preventable, treatable, often progressive diseases
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs primarily caused by what?

Cigarettes smoking & other noxious particles/gases

Noxious particles - toxins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Someone can have COPD for years
But if they come to the hospital with respiratory distress what do they have?

Acute exacerbations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does dyspnea mean?

Trouble breathing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is there a cure for COPD?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What other things contribute to severity of the disease (2)? Examples too

Exacerbations ( good days & bad days )
Other illnesses, asthma, pneumonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

COPD puts you at risk of developing what

Developing other respiratory illness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the primary function of the lung? & function

Alveoli
Gas exchange

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does COPD Alveoli sacs look like? (3)

Sacs become in enlarged, saggy & lose elastic recoil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

COPD does not include what? (2)

Chronic bronchitis & emphysema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does chronic bronchitis mean?
( BLUER )

The presence of cough & sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

B - big and blue skin
L - long term chronic cough
U - Unsual lung sounds
E - edema peripherally ( heart failure )
( pulmonary hypertension & big feet )
R - right side heart failure
Cor pulmonae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does emphysema mean?
( PINK )

Destruction of alveoli without fibrosis
P - pink & pursed lip breathing ( hugging and puffing )
I - increase chest ( barrel chest )
N - no chronic cough
K - keep on tripoding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s are risk factors of COPD? (11)

Infection
Severe respiratory Infections in childhood
HIV
TB
Cigarette smoking
Asthma
Air pollution
Occupation
Aging
Genetics
AATD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smoking is the number one cause of COPD
Develops ___ of smokers
Anyone over __
With a smoking history of ____ more pack years

20%
40
10 pack years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is pack years mean?
1 pack a day for 30 years how many pack years?

30 pack years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 packs a day for 15 years ??

30 pack years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is examples of occupational dust and chemicals? (4)

Dusts Vapors Irritants Fumes

When you have asthma, how does that effect you for COPD?

They overlap each other from pathologic & functional

What does ATTD mean?

Antitrypsin deficiency

COPD pathophysiology is characterized by? (3 ex)

Chronic inflammation of airways, lung parenchyma, pulmonary blood vessels

What’s the defining feature of COPD?

Airflow limitation not fully reversible during forced exhalation

Airflow limitation not fully reversible during forced exhalation are due to what (2?)

Loss of elastic recoil Airflow obstruction due to mucosal hypersecretion, mucosal edema, and bronchospams

COPD pathophysiology Disease progression marked by worsening due to ? (3) (AAG)

Abnormliaties in airflow limitation Air trapping Gas exchange

COPD pathophysiology Severe disease (2)

Pulmonary hypertension Systemic manifestations

COPD pathophysiology Primary process is inflammation What is inhaled that causes inflammation and result to what?

Inhale noxious particles and gases results inflammation Results in Damage to lung tissue

What are the inflammatory cells of COPD? (3)

Neutrophils Macrophages Lymphocytes

What’s the main characteristic of COPD?

Inability to expire air

Peripheral airways are obstructed and trap air during expirations and results in what?

Increase residual volume which results in barrel shape chest

What’s the biggest characteristic of COPD, inflammation of what?

Inflammation of the small alveoli sacs

Barrel chest happens when the lungs become what?

Overfilled with air

Whats the diameter of barrel chest ?

1:1

What’s the reason for a barrel chest?

In order to expand the lungs to get more air but it doesn’t help at all But since it doesn’t have the alveoli sac So air exchange doesn’t happen

As air trapping increases, alveolar walls are destroyed resulting in formation of what? (2?

Bullae and blebs

What is Bullae and blebs?

No surrounding capillary bed resulting in VQ perfusion mis match

What is VQ perfusion mix match? (2)

Low oxygen in blood (hypoxemia) High CO2 In blood ( hypercapnia )

What’s the driving force of breathing?

CO2

Excess mucus production and cough (4) causes what?

Increase mucus goblet cells Enlarged submucosal gland Dysfunction of cilia ( hair doesn’t push chemicals out ) Inflammatory mediators

COPD is a systemic disease as result of ? What does systemic mean

Systemic - blood stream & all parts of body Chronic inflammation

What are other diseases common for COPD? (4)

Cardiovascular Osteoporosis Diabetes Metabolic syndrome

Your heart and lungs are right next to each other, so that means?

If you have heart problems You’ll have lung problems Vice versus

Pulmonary vascular change means for COPD? (2)

Vasoconstriction of small pulmonary arteries due to hypoxia Hypertrophy Pulmonary arteries Thicken

Results in pulmonary hypertension resulting in _____ & ______?

Right ventricular hypertrophy Right heart failure

Left side of the heart means ? Right side if the heart failure mean?

Cardiovascular problems Respiratory problems

What does pulmonary hypertension mean?

Can’t breathe even though your blood pressure is fine

When you have right heart failure, what is happening and results what?

Not enough blood pumping Backing into your lungs Resulting in pulmonary edema

What’s the diagnosis of COPD?

FEV1/FEV < 70%

How do you test FEV1/FEV? And what’s the normal range for those who have have COPD?

Forced expiratory volume in a machine in the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs 0.75-85

What’s an abnormal FEV1/FEV ratio, or to see who has COPD?

Below 70

Since COPD is a progressive disease there are what to categorize it?

Stages

What are the 4 stages of COPD?

Gold 1 - mild Gold 2 - moderate Gold 3 - severe Gold 4 - very severe

What are clinical manifestations of COPD? (20) Chad spits dying rice chowder chips why? Chunky fat weed ants put badly triad Purge right hypo sex cap increases CYAN

Chronic cough Sputum production Dyspnea Risk factors exposure Chest heaviness Chest breather Wheezing Chest tightness Fatigue Weight loss Anorexia Prolonged expiratory phase Barrel chest Tripod position Pursed lip breathing Peripheral edema ( ankles ) right heart failure Hypoxemia - < 60 Sa < 88 Hypercapnia > 45 Increase RBC ( polycythemia/erythrocytosis) Cyanosis

Not all COPD will produce sputum? True or false

True

What does chest heaviness mean for COPD? (4)

Can’t take a deep breath Gasping Increased effort to breathe Air hungry

What’s a chest breather mean?

Use Accessory and intercostal muscle Inefficient breathing

What is the tripod position?

2 hands on knees bend down

What does polycythemia/erythrocytosis mean?

Increase RBC

What are the complications of COPD? _____examples? Common cause ? (2) You’ll also have increase what?

Acute exacerbations Increased dyspnea Increased sputum volume Increased sputum purulent ( infection) Malaise - tiredness Fatigue Insomnia Confusion Bacterial or viral infections Frequency with disease progression

Complications COPD they will have increase what Decrease what And how do we test for this? Or measure it

Increase CO2 Decrease OXYGEN ABG ( aertial blood gas )

What are some treatments for COPD? Short term? Examples (3) 1 ex of eah

Saba - albuterol, anticholinergic, antibiotics, diuretics Oral corticosteroids - premidosone Oxygen - nasal cannula

As a nurse you want to education a patient on acute exacerbations why?

In order for a patient to understand and prepare/avoid it

Inter professional care COPD patients live where?

Outside the hospitals

Though when COPD patients come into the hospital they are there for what (2?)

Acute exacerbations Acute respiratory failure

How is do we stage COPD? Like how do we put them in the 1-4 category?

How many times they come into the hospital for acute exacerbations & acute respiratory failure

If you have COPD, you want avoid what?

Occupational or environmental triggers

We want to make sure COPD patients have what two vaccines? And how many times?

Flu and pneumococcal vaccine Yearly

Number 1 goal for COPD patients is to do what?

Stop smoking !!! Smoking cessation

What’s the first nursing intervention of COPD?

Stop smoking Educating on smoking

What are asthma medication ?? (5)

Saba LABA Anticholinergic drug corticosteroids LTMA

What are 4 COPD medication?

Bronchodilators LABA ICS Anticholinergic drug

What’s anticholinergic drugs mean? COPD

Promote bronchodilation by preventing muscles around bronchi from tightening

What’s example of corticosteroids for COPD? (2)

Beclomethasone Budesonide

If you are giving a patient a inhaled corticosteroids, you want to make sure a patient what? Why?

Gargles and spits it out To avoid oral thrush & organisms

You will never LTMA for emegereny? True or false?

True

What does MDI stand for and mean?

Metered dose inhaler Small hand held pressure devices

You always want to start what with a brand new inhaler?

1 or 2 puffs

Inhalers Can be used with a spacer or holding chamber to what (3)?

Reduce oropharyngeal medication Increase delivery to lungs Reduce problems with hand breath coordination

For an inhaler you always want to teach what?

Correct technique

If bronchodilator use of great than 2 canisters/month should prompt what?

Visit to HCP

Some inhalers can come as what?

DPI Dry power inhaler

What are some advantages of DPI? (2)

Less manual dexterity No spacer needed

What are some disadvantages of DPI? (3)

Low FEV1 - inadequate inspiration Not all common meds Power may clump

What’s a nebulizer?

Machine converts drug solutions into fine mist for inhalation via mask or mouthpiece : easy to use

Neblukizer needs what? (2)

O2 generator Air compressor Patient education

What’s the best way to teach a patient an inhaler? What method?

Teach back