COPD

Question 1

What are the 2 conditions that comprise of COPD

Answer 1

Chronic Bronchitis (CB)

Emphysema (E)

Question 2

Chronic Bronchitis ==>

Pathology

Answer 2

Cough w/sputum for 3 months >2 consecutive years

Chronic infection ==> Inflam. into submucosa ==> mucousal gland hyperplasia / SMC Hypertrophy

Bronchial Lumen Narrowing

Question 3

Emphysema ==>

Pathology

Answer 3

Permanent dilated airways w/alveolar destruction + Bullae formation

Alveolar walls destroyed => Bullae formation ==> Decreased O2 exchange + decreased elastic recoil

Question 4

who are pink puffers

Answer 4

Emphysema

thin people that breath fast

Question 5

Who are blue bloaters

Answer 5

Chronic Bronchitis

Can take deep breaths but not enough O2

Question 6

what is the spirometry test in COPD results

Answer 6

FEV1 <80%

FEV1/FCV <0.7

Question 7

in COPD, what are the findings in a CXR (2)

Answer 7

Hyperinflation + blebs

Question 8

When looking at the Bt results, what are we looking for that could indicate a possible cause of COPD

Answer 8

Alpha-1 antitrypsin

Question 9

what are the causes of COPD (…..)

Answer 9

GASES

G enetics ==> Alpha-1 antitrypsin
A ir pollution
S moking
E xposure through occupation (mining)
S econd hand smoking

Question 10

What are the complications of COPD (…….)

Answer 10

CLIPPeR

C or pulmonale ==> RHF via C.pulmonary HTN
L ung Cancer
I nfections
P neumothorax 
P olycythaemia 
e
R espiratory Failure

Question 11

What is the treatment of COPD (…. .)

Answer 11

ABCS O2

A ntichollinergics ==> Theophylline
B ronchodilators ==> Salmeterol
C orticosteroids ==> Prednisolone
S moking cessation

O2

Question 12

What standard is used in COPD to determine severity

How many stages are

Answer 12

GOLD scale

4 stagees