coordination and response

Question 1

which neurone gives the central nervous system information

Answer 1

sensory neurone

Question 2

which neurone does the central nervous system send information out via

Answer 2

motor neurone

Question 3

what is a reflex arc

Answer 3

the nerve pathway that follows a reflex action

Question 4

what are the benefits of reflexes

Answer 4

rapid
automatic

Question 5

what passes along nerve cells

Answer 5

electrical impulses

Question 6

what is released across a synapse

Answer 6

chemicals

Question 7

what is the role of a receptor

Answer 7

to detect a stimulus

Question 8

what is the role of a sensory neurone

Answer 8

to transfer a signal from a receptor to the CNS

Question 9

why are reflexes important

Answer 9

they protect us from harm

Question 10

what are the small chemicals that glands release

Answer 10

hormones

Question 11

in the endocrine system, where are the hormones released into

Answer 11

bloodstream

Question 12

what do hormones bind to

Answer 12

specific cells that have the correct receptors

Question 13

what is the role of thyroxine and where is it released

Answer 13

it regulates metabolism and is released in the thyroid gland

Question 14

what is the role of adrenaline

Answer 14

stimulates fight or flight response

Question 15

where is insulin released

Answer 15

pancreas

Question 16

do the effects of the endocrine or the nervous system last longer

Answer 16

endocrine - hormones stay in the blood for a long time, electrical impulses last a split second

Question 17

what does adrenaline do

Answer 17

increases heart rate
inreases blood pressure
increases blood flow to muscles
increase blood sugar levels

Question 18

what are the three main components of an automatic control system

Answer 18

receptor
coordination centres
effector

Question 18

definition of homeostasis

Answer 18

the regulation of conditions inside the body to maintain a stable internal environment in response to both internal and external conditions

Question 19

what are automatic control systems

Answer 19

they recognise when conditions change from optimal conditions and send a signal to reverse the change

Question 20

how are signals sent through automatic control systems

Answer 20

nervous system
endocrine system

Question 21

why does the body need to maintain optimal conditions

Answer 21

for optimal enzyme action and cell function

Question 22

what is the role of a receptor in homeostasis

Answer 22

detects change in internal/ external environment

Question 23

what is the role of coordination centres in homeostasis

Answer 23

interprets change and organises response

Question 24

name two effectors in homeostasis and what they do

Answer 24

muscles contract when stimulated
glands release hormones when stimulated

Question 25

what is negative feedback

Answer 25

a system meaning that whenever the levels of something are too high they are brought back down and when the levels of something are too low they are brought back up

Question 26

what is the temperature that the human body should be kept at and why

Answer 26

37 degrees
it is the optimum temperature for enzymes to function

Question 27

what is thermoregulation

Answer 27

the control of our internal body temperature

Question 28

where are the two main places where temperature receptors are found

Answer 28

skin
blood vessels

Question 29

where is the thermoregulatory centre found in the body

Answer 29

the brain - hypothalamus

Question 30

name some reactions the body will have in response to being too cold

Answer 30

vasoconstriction
hair standing up
less sweat released
shivering

Question 31

name some reactions the body will have in response to being too hot

Answer 31

vasodilation
hair laying flat
more sweat released

Question 32

how is information about skin temperature sent to the brain

Answer 32

the nervous system

Question 33

how does shivering warm up the body

Answer 33

muscles relax and contract automatically
this requires a lot of energy from respiration, which in the process releases a lot of heat energy as waste

Question 34

what is vasodilation

Answer 34

the arterioles supplying the capillaries near the surface of the skin get wider, increasing the flow of blood in the skin capillaries so more heat is lost by radiation

Question 35

what is vasoconstriction

Answer 35

the arterioles supplying the capillaries near the surface of the skin get narrower, decreasing the flow of blood in the skin capillaries so less heat is lost by radiation

Question 36

how is an involuntary action different to a voluntary action

Answer 36

involuntary is faster
its an automatic reflex - requires no thinking
the response is always the same

Question 37

what causes shivering

Answer 37

muscle contraction