Coordination and disease

Question 1

What is a stimulus?

Answer 1

A stimulus is anything that triggers a change in the way an organism acts.

Question 2

What is a response?

Answer 2

The subject of a stimulus.

Question 3

What is the stimulus/response model? Give five answers.

Answer 3

1. Stimulus.
2. Receptor (detects/recieves stimulus).
3. Processor/co-ordinating center (brain),
4. Effector (carries out the response).
5. Response.

Question 4

How could the stimulus/response model be applied to a venus flytrap eating a fly? Give five answers.

Answer 4

1. Stimulus, fly touches the venus flytrap’s hair 2 times.
2. Receptor, venus flytrap recieves a shock.
3. Processor/co-ordinating center, brain.
4. Effector, venus flytrap knows to shut it’s mouth,
5. Response, mouth shuts.

Question 5

Why is responding good?

Answer 5

Responding is good as it allows one to avoid harm.

Question 6

What is feedback?

Answer 6

Feedback is when a response changes the original stimulus.

Question 7

What is homeostasis?

Answer 7

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a stable body condition.

Question 8

What is thigmotropism?

Answer 8

Thigmotropism is when a plant grows when it touches stimuli.

Question 9

What is phototropism?

Answer 9

Phototropism is when a plant adjusts its angle to face the sun.

Question 10

What is gravitropism?

Answer 10

Gravitropism is when a plant adjuses itself to face upwards when planted on an angle.

Question 11

What is the largest organ in the body?

Answer 11

The largest organ in the body is skin.

Question 12

How many skin receptors are there? What are these skin receptors?

Answer 12

Skin contains three types of receptors. These are:

• Nerve receptors.
• Pressure receptors.
• Thermoreceptors (temperature receptors).

Question 13

Where are the locations of the skin receptors?

Answer 13

• Nerve receptors are located at varying depths
• Pressure receptors are located deeper underneath the skin.
• Thermoreceptors attach to sweat glands.

Question 14

What is the nerve in the nose?

Answer 14

The nerves in the nose are called ‘offectory cells’`

Question 15

How do scents travel through the nose? Give three answers.

Answer 15

1. The scents enter the nose as tiny particles.
2. The scents dissolve in the nostrils, thus triggering offectory cells.
3. The offectory nerve then sends a message to the brain so you can interpret the smell.

Question 16

What are the bumps on the tongue called? What are inside these bumps?

Answer 16

The bumps are called ‘papillae’. Each papillae contains a group of taste buds. These taste buds contain different taste cells.

Question 17

What are the five tastes humans can detect?

Answer 17

Humans can taste:

• Sweet.
• Salty.
• Sour.
• Bitter.
• Savoury.

Question 18

How is food dissolved?

Answer 18

Saliva dissolves the food.

Question 19

What do taste buds do?

Answer 19

Taste buds detect flavours and translates messages to the brain.

Question 20

What are the seven things inside an eye?

Answer 20

1. Optic nerve.
2. Retina.
3. Cornea.
4. Pupil.
5. Iris.
6. Lens.
7. Viterous humour.

Question 21

What does the optic nerve do?

Answer 21

The optic nerve transfers messages to the brain.

Question 22

What does the retina do?

Answer 22

The retina converts light into signals transferred to the brain.

Question 23

What does the pupil do?

Answer 23

The pupil absorbs the surrounding light.

Question 24

What does the cornea do?

Answer 24

The cornea protects the eye from germs and dust and is completely transparent.

Question 25

What does the Iris do?

Answer 25

The Iris controls the size of the pupil, thus allowing how much light can enter the eye.

Question 26

What does the lens do?

Answer 26

The lens helps the eye focus.

Question 27

What does the vitreous humor do?

Answer 27

The vitreous humour keeps the retina in shape.

Question 28

What types of neurons are there? Give three answers.

Answer 28

1. Sensory neurons (Neurons on the skin, nose and eyes that send messages to the nervous system).
2. Motor neurons (Send messages from the muscles to the nervous system)
3. Interneurons (Sends messages between sensory and muscle glands to the nervous system).