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History > Controversy > Flashcards

Controversy Flashcards

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1
Q

Morrill said that the Civil Wars were “the last of the….

A

…Wars of Religion” (if you use this quote, make sure you emphasise its controversial nature in that it’s not widely accepted)

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2
Q

Cust and Hughes say that “we do not share the tendency to see…

A

…religion as a phenomenon hermetically sealed from other aspects of life”

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3
Q

Hughes wrote that “it is impossible to view…

A

…practical problems in isolation from the framework of ideas within which people understood such problems”

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4
Q

What was the name of RH Tawney’s 1926 work which kicked off the Storm over the Gentry?

A

Religion and the rise of Capitalism

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5
Q

Morrill said that “it was the force of religion that drove…

A

…minorities to fight and forced majorities to make reluctant choices”

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6
Q

Hughes writes that “the centre and localities were so inextricably intertwined in English politics that….

A

…even using separate terms can suggest a polarity that contemporaries did not recognise”

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7
Q

To which school would Somerville and Cogswell belong?

A

Post-Revisionism

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8
Q

What percentage of Parliamentarian banners featured religious references, as found by Gentles?

A

72%

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9
Q

In Gentles’ study of military banners, what percentage of Royalist banners featured religious references?

A

50%

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10
Q

Whose emphasis on religion as a cause has been criticised (maybe even ridiculed) for being too obvious a suggestion?

A

Morrill

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11
Q

What did Whig historians keep firmly in mind when analysing events of the past?

A

The present day

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12
Q

What is the teleological approach to history?

A

Regarding events with the end result in mind- thus moulding view of events to fit the path leading to the outcome

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13
Q

Why do Whig historians see Parliamentarians as the ‘good guys’?

A

They promoted developments towards constitutional monarchy

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14
Q

Did Whig historians see the war as inevitable?

A

YES

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15
Q

Which school sees the Civil Wars as the inevitable result of long-standing constitutional conflict between a crown with absolutist tendencies and a House of Commons seeking greater power?

A

Whig

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16
Q

Name two members key to the Whig view

A

TB Macauley and SR Gardiner

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17
Q

What was the most influential view in the early 20th century?

A

Marxist

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18
Q

Which school suggests that Civil War is product of long term social and economic change?

A

Marxist

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19
Q

What does the Marxist view suggest are the major forces in history?

A

Social and economic change

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20
Q

What type of revolution does the Marxist view suggest the Civil Wars was?

A

Bourgeois revolution, by which a country transition from a Feudal to Capitalist system

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21
Q

According to the Marxist view, what was the existing political framework before the Wars unable to accommodate?

A

Capitalism

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22
Q

What did the individualism that the Marxists claim emerged lead to?

A

Desire to follow own worship of God

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23
Q

What school of thought did Christopher Hill belong to?

A

Marxist

24
Q

Who said “the Civil War was a class war”?

A

Christopher Hill

25
Q

Work by whom started the “storm over the gentry”?

A

RH Tawney

26
Q

According to RH Tawney, what was happening to the gentry in the build up to the Civil Wars?

A

They were rising

27
Q

What was a possible reason for the rising gentry?

A

The redistribution of land after the dissolution of the monasteries

28
Q

According to RH Tawney, what happened to the Aristocrats as a result of the rising gentry?

A

They lost standing and independence

29
Q

What does RH Tawney suggest caused the Civil War?

A

Friction between the rising gentry and the aristocrats, who could not accommodate the new class

30
Q

Who supports RH Tawney’s work (as a disciple)?

A

Lawrence Stone

31
Q

What type of evidence is used by Tawney and Stone to support their arguments?

A

Statistical

32
Q

Who attacked the work of Tawney and Stone by arguing instead for a declining gentry?

A

Hugh Trevor-Roper

33
Q

Which subsection of the gentry did Trevor-Roper argue was declining?

A

The ‘mere gentry’

34
Q

What does Trevor-Roper argue that the Civil Wars were?

A

A protest by the declining gentry

35
Q

Christopher Hill and Peter Zagorin attacked Trevor-Roper’s argument for two reasons. What were they?

A

The distinctions in the gentry were too vague.

The link between economic decay and religious non-conformity was too tenuous.

36
Q

Who delivered a brutal and personal criticism on Tawney and Trevor-Roper?

A

Hexter

37
Q

What 2 accusations were made by Hexter about the work of Tawney and Trevor-Roper?

A

They had subscribed to a narrow-minded economic determinism.

The theories they had produced suggested that the Wars were a deliberate revolution-this didn’t happen.

38
Q

To what broad outlook can Morrill, Russell, Sharpe, Kishlansky and Everitt be attributed to?

A

Revisionism

39
Q

What view do Revisionists take on the idea of the inevitability of the conflict?

A

Strongly rejected

40
Q

Which school of thought is sceptical about long term divisions as a an explanation?

A

Revisionism

41
Q

Who do revisionists hold responsible for the conflict?

A

Charles and his avoidable mistakes

42
Q

In what light do Revisionists view the early Stuart state?

A

basically sound

43
Q

According to Revisionists, the problem that caused the Civil Wars was the system of government. True or False?

A

False- Charles himself was the problem- under James, everything was ok

44
Q

According to Revisionists, the Stuart church could easily accommodate a variety of religious beliefs and it was only the promotion of Laudianism that was problematic. True or False?

A

True!

45
Q

Who proposed a functional breakdown?

A

Conrad Russell

46
Q

Who pioneered New British History?

A

Conrad Russell

47
Q

What is New British History?

A

The idea that it is necessary to study all 3 of Charles’ Kingdoms to assess why Civil War broke out, instead of just England

48
Q

What was John Morrill’s beef?

A

RELIGION

49
Q

What were Morrill’s 3 modes of opposition?

A

Localist, Legal-constitutionalist and Religious

50
Q

Who claimed the the Civil Wars were the “last of the Wars of Religion”?

A

John Morrill

51
Q

Do Post-Revisionists focus on deep rooted causes?

A

YES

52
Q

What do Post-Revisionists think about the conflict between National and Local interests?

A

Bullshit!

Post-Revisionists indicate a wide interest in national affairs

53
Q

What do Post-Revisionists cite as evidence for widespread interest in National affairs?

A

Extent of petitioning and lobbying that went on eg Grand Remonstrance and campaigns over episcopacy

54
Q

Post Revisionists accept the functional breakdown model. True or false?

A

FALSE- they reject this model

55
Q

Do Post-Revisionists see the war as inevitable?

A

NO- they considered recurring serious issues as vital but not causing inevitability- they only made resolution more difficult when conflict eventually emerged for other reasons

56
Q

Post-Revisionists believe it is a false distinction to separate religious matters from political and constitutional matters. True or false?

A

True

History (5 decks)

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