Controlling Growth & Development Flashcards
What is DNA too large to do?
Leave the nucleus.
What does this mean the genes do?
The genes therefore stay inside the nucleus but the production of proteins takes place outside the nucleus, in the cytoplasm
What happens to information stored in the genes?
It has to be transferred into the cytoplasm
What is the first step of the transfer?
The relevant section of DNA is unzipped
What is the second step of the transfer?
Instructions are copied onto smaller molecules
What are the smaller molecules called?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the third step of the transfer?
These molecules leave the nucleus and carry the instructions to the ribosomes
What is the fourth step of the transfer?
The ribosomes follow the instructions to make the relevant protein
What does the sequence of bases in a gene determine?
The order in which amino acids are joined together to make a particular protein
What is a triplet code
A group of three base pairs codes for one amino acid in a protein chain
How many different amino acids can be made?
20
What does the structure of the protein depend on?
The amino acids that make it up
What is the first step of the process it follows?
DNA unravels at the correct gene
What is the second step of the process it follows?
A copy of the coding strand is made to produce mRNA
What is the third step of the process it follows?
The mRNA copy moves from the nucleus into the cytoplasm
