Controlling Blood Glucose Flashcards
How can glucose get into the blood from the gut?
from eating food containing carbohydrates
How is glucose removed from the blood?
-the normal metabolism of cells removes it
-vigorous exercise removes much more glucose from the blood
what is excess glucose stored as?
glycogen in the liver and muscles
the level of glucose in the blood is controlled, kept steady and monitored by which gland?
the pancreas
in a negative feedback cycle, what happens when the blood glucose level is too high?
insulin is added to remove it from the blood
How is insulin added to the blood?
1)when there is too much glucose in the blood insulin is secreted by the pancreas
2)glucose moves from the blood into liver and muscle cells
3)blood glucose is reduced as insulin makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen
In a negative feedback cycle, what happens when blood glucose level is too low?
glucagon is added to increase the level
How is glucagon added to the blood?
1)when the blood has too little glucose, glucagon is secreted by the pancreas
2)glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose and glucose is released into blood by the liver
3)blood glucose is increased
What is diabetes?
a condition that affects your ability to control your blood sugar level
What is type 1 diabetes?
-this is where the pancreas produces little to no insulin
-this means a person’s blood glucose can rise to the point it could kill them
How can type 1 diabetes be treated and controlled?
1)insulin therapy-this involves several injections throughout the day most likely mealtimes and makes sure glucose is removed from the blood quickly once food has been digested stopping the levels from getting too high making it a very effective treatment
2) limiting the intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates (sugars which cause the blood glucose to rise rapidly)
3)taking regular exercise (which helps remove excess glucose from the body)
what is type 2 diabetes?
-this is where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin (they still produce it but their body cells don’t respond properly to the hormone)
-this can cause a person’s blood sugar to rise to a dangerous level
What can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
being overweight as obesity is a major risk factor in the development of the disease
how can type 2 diabetes be controlled?
by eating a carbohydrate controlled diet and getting regular exercise
