Controllable Factors Flashcards
Four examples of training errors?
Overtraining and overreaching
Not following a plan of gradual loading
Repeating the same activity even when fatigued
Not preparing for the specific needs of the activity
What are the best ways to elongate tissues?
Static
+
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching
Why do stronger muscles decrease risk of injury?
Greater resistance to tensile loads
However, strength levels must be balanced in agonist / antagonist pairs as imbalances can lead to injury
What percentage of imbalance between the hamstrings and quadriceps is linked with injury?
10% is linked to increased injury risk.
This often occurs because of the breakdown of the fine balance of motor control of the two muscle groups through fatigue
Gait asymmetry (Fact Card)
Symmetry refers to the exact replication of one limb’s movement by the other, with asymmetry referring to any deviation from symmetry.
Because gait movements can be achieved in a number of ways, with muscle groups compensating for others if necessary (e.g., for a weak muscle on the other leg), gait asymmetry can lead to increased work demands on one side of the body.
However, being asymmetrical in a few variables is not abnormal and not indicative of asymmetrical gait.
What are there points that challenge the belief that repeating a skill in sport can be useful in optimising it as the brain’s sub-cortical centres learn to automate it?
- Elite sportspeople vary the way they complete well-learned tasks
- The way a skill is performed in competition does not always resemble the way it was practised in training
- There is more than one way of performing a skill in order to achieve the same outcome
Fatigue (Fact Card)
Fatigue is the main cause of reduction in performance of a sportsperson, but it must be remembered that the body must be fatigued if improvement is to come about.
Fatigue occurs with sustained exercise and is characterised by a reduction in power output and a decline in performance.
What are the three potential sites of failure during fatigue?
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Neural transmission (from the CNS to muscle)
- Individual muscle fibres
What are two sources of metabolic fatigue?
- The muscles running out of fuel
- Such as when a marathon runner ‘hits the wall’ because of a lack of muscle glycogen. - A build-up of lactate in the muscles.
- The lactate can affect the binding of calcium to troponin, and also affects the functioning of important enzymes
What is Neuro-muscular fatigue?
Related to decrease in performance due to the CNS preventing muscular contraction by means of inhibiting nerve cell excitation.
This is necessary in the body to prevent muscular and nervous damage by training too hard.
Thus athletes should not always try to train to exhaustion as it can damage the neural system.
What are three changes in MTU function? (Fact Card)
Repeated stretch-shortening cycle exercise induces fatigue that affects force production as there is a reduction in the storage of elastic energy. It is possible that this reduction is caused by an increase in transition time from stretch to shortening
Decreased leg stiffness might occur because the rectus femoris and biceps femoris, both biarticular hip-mobilising muscles, fatigue earlier during running than the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.
What is Overreaching?
A prolonged state of fatigue, with certain symptoms displayed, but which disappears after a few days to a week. It may be caused by taking part in a strenuous competition.
What is Overtraining?
A prolonged state of fatigue (with similar symptoms as Overreaching), which may take weeks or months to overcome. It results from a lack of rest.
Joint and soft tissue injuries
Joint injuries can involve one or more of bone, cartilage, ligaments, muscle-tendon units.
Synovial membrane can also be injured.
Watch Lecture Recording
45: 54 - 48:11
https: //replay.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=9db22728-03bf-4801-bec5-a95f00e720fc
