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BACTERIOLOGY P1 > CONTROLING MICROBIAL GROWTH: IN VITRO > Flashcards

CONTROLING MICROBIAL GROWTH: IN VITRO Flashcards

1
Q

In vitro

A

Occurrences that happen outside the body

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2
Q

in vivo

A

Occurrences that happen inside the body

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3
Q

Factors that affect Microbial growth

A

1.Availability of nutrients
2. Moisture
3.Temperature
4.pH
5. Osmotic Pressure and salinity
6. Barometric pressure
7. Gaseous atmosphere

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4
Q

complete drying process

A

desiccation

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5
Q

example of Thermophiles

A

Pyrolobus fumarri

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6
Q

organism that live in >100 deg.

A

Hyperthemophiles or extremethermophiles

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7
Q

an archaeon organism that live in 113 deg. Celsius

A

Pyrolobus fumarri

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8
Q

organism that grow in normal body temperature

A

mesophiles

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9
Q

A group pf psychrophiles that has an optimum growth of 4 deg.

A

psychotrophs

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10
Q

prefer warm temperatures but can tolerate very cold temperature

A

psychoduric organisms

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11
Q

bread molds

A

psychotrops

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12
Q

example of psychoduric organisms

A

E. coli

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13
Q

thermophiles minimum growth temp.

A

25 deg.

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14
Q

thermophiles optimum growth temp.

A

50-60 deg

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15
Q

thermophiles maximum growth

A

113 deg.

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16
Q

mesophiles minimum growth

A

10 deg.

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17
Q

mesophiles optimum growth

A

20-40 deg.

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18
Q

mesophiles maximum growth temp

A

45 deg.

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19
Q

psychrophiles minimum growth

A

-5 deg.

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20
Q

psychrophiles optimum growth

A

10-20 deg.

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21
Q

maximum growth of psychrophiles

A

30 deg.

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22
Q

types of pH affecting microbial growth

A

Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles

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23
Q

hydrogen ion of the solution

A

pH

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24
Q

ph 2-5

A

acidophile

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25
Q

ph >8.5 and example:

A

Alkaliphiles, intestine Vibrio cholerae

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26
Q

pressure on the cell membrane outside and inside the cell: where, pressure is equal.

A

osmotic pressure

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27
Q

The movement of solvent from low solute to high solute.

A

osmosis

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28
Q

equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell

A

isotonic

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29
Q

no cell movement water

A

isotonic

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30
Q

concentration of the solute outside the cell is GREATER than than inside.

A

HYPERTONIC

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31
Q

HYPERTONIC

A

RBC CRENATION

PLASMOLYSIS (BACTERIAL CELL)

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32
Q

Concentration of the solute is LOWER outside than inside

A

hemolysis RBC

plasmoptysis (bacterial cell)

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33
Q

halophilic bacteria

A

vibrio cholerae

34
Q

BAROMETERIC PRESSURE

A

piezophiles 14.7 psi

35
Q

20-21 % Oxygen
78-79% Nitrogen

A

Obligate Aerobes

36
Q

5% oxygen

A

microaerophiles

37
Q

5-10% Carbon dioxide

A

Capnophiles

38
Q

destruction of all microbes including cells, spores and viruses

A

sterilization

39
Q

dry hear, steam, under pressure and radiation

A

physical methods

40
Q

ethylene oxide gas, formaldehyde

A

chemical methods

41
Q

elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores from non living organism.

A

disinfection

42
Q

methods of disinfection

A

-pasteurization
-disinfectants
-antiseptics
-sanitization

43
Q

agents that kill organism (bactericida, sporicidal and fungicidal)

A

microbicidal

44
Q

inhibits the reproduction of microorganisms, but not necessary killing them

A

microbistatic

45
Q

process combines dehydration and freezing

A

lyophilization

46
Q

presence of pathogen in blood or tissue

A

sepsis

46
Q

absence of pathogen is

A

asepsis

47
Q

prevention of an infection

A

antisepsis

48
Q

a method to eliminate and exclude pathogen to prevent infection

A

aseptic technique

49
Q

who developed aseptic technique?

A

John Lister

50
Q

most common type of sterilization used in inanimate object

A

heat

51
Q

two factors of heat

A

temperature and time

52
Q

the lowest temperature that kills organism within a specified time

A

THERMAL DEPTH POINT (TDP)

53
Q

the length of time necessary to sterilize a pure culture at a specified time

A

THERMAL DEPTH TIME(TDT)

54
Q

effective sterilization of glassware, metals, oils and waxes.

A

dry heat methods: Oven Heating/ Baking

55
Q

the most common method in treating infectious waste in infected animals

A

incineration

56
Q

burning of contaminated materials to ashes (300- 400 deg.) hazardous materials (870-980)

A

incineration

57
Q

used to control the spread of infectious disease

A

cremation

58
Q

faster and more effective than dry heat

A

moist heat

59
Q

methods of moist heat

A

-boiling
-autoclaving
-tyndalization
-inspissation
-pasteurization

60
Q

destroy vegetative bacteria

A

boiling

61
Q

stem pressure: destroy all microbial life

A

autoclaving

62
Q

121.5 deg
15 psi
15-20 mins

A

sterilize media and instrument

63
Q

132 deg.
30-60 mins.

A

infectious medical waste

64
Q

pressure sensitive found in autoclave tapes

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

65
Q

ampule purple to yellow

A

process not successful

66
Q

fractional sterilization

A

Tyndalization

67
Q

free circulation of steam at atmospheric pressure

A

Arnold sterilizer

68
Q

thickened media through evaporation

A

inspissation

69
Q

sterilize high proteins containing media (eg. Lowenstein-Jensen’s media and Loeffer’s serum media)

A

inspissation

70
Q

sterilize dairy product and other beverages

A

pasteurization

71
Q

types of pasteurization

A

Low temperature holding (LTH)
High temperature Short time (HTST)
Ultra High Temperature

72
Q

classical method: batch method 63 deg. for 30 mins.

A

Low temperature holding (LTH)

73
Q

flash pasteurization: 72 deg. for 15 see.

A

High temperature Short time (HTST)

74
Q

140 deg. for 3 sec or <1 seconds

A

Ultra High Temperature

75
Q

methods of choice for sterilization of antibiotic solutions, vaccines, toxic chemicals,radioisotopes, vaccines and carbohydrates.

A

Filtration

76
Q

2 types of filtration

A

depth filters
membrane filters

77
Q

filters for fibrous granular materials (asbestos)

A

depth filters

78
Q

polycarbonate: cellulose acetate
liquid: cellulose acetate
Air : Hepa filter

A

membrane filters

79
Q

cold sterilization: shorter wavelength: high intensity energy (eg. gamma rays, Xrays)

A

Ionizing radiation

80
Q

Ionizing radiation inidcator

A

Bacillus pumilus

81
Q

longer; lower energy

A

ono ionizing radiation

BACTERIOLOGY P1 (3 decks)

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