Control Of Microbial Growth

Question 1

Infectious disease

Answer 1

Occurs when a microorganism in the body multiplies and causes damage to the tissue.

Question 2

Pathogens

Answer 2

The microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

Question 3

Opportunistic pathogens

Answer 3

The causative agents of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms normally present or on in the body that will not cause harm, unless favourably conditions exist for them to express their disease producing potential.

Question 4

Endogenous diseases

Answer 4

Are causes of microorganisms in or on the body

Question 5

Exogenous diseases

Answer 5

Are caused by microorganisms not normally present on or in the body; will contaminate the body from the outside

Question 6

Toxigenic diseases

Answer 6

Exogenous microorganism is causing disease without entering and multiplying in the body (after eating food, in which mos have multiplied and produce toxins- botulism, staphylococcus food poisoning.

Question 7

Bacteriophage

Answer 7

Viruses infect bacteria were discovered in 1915 and in 1922

Question 8

Prion

Answer 8

Infection agent, composed entirely of protein, causing a rare degenerative brain disease in humans called creutzfeldt- jacob.
Prions are not microorganisms; prion diseases are usually rapidly progressive, and always fatal.
In animals cause bovine spongiform encephalopathy, called “ mad cow disease”.

Question 9

4 Routes of entry into the body

Answer 9

1) Inhalation (breathing aerosol particles from Prophy angle)
2) ingestion (swallowing droplets of saliva/blood spattered into mouth)
3) mucous membranes (droplets of saliva/blood spattered and eyes, nose, or mouth)
4) breaks in the skin (directly touching microorganisms or being spattered with saliva/blood onto skin with cuts/abrasions/punctures with contaminated sharps.

Question 10

Spores

Answer 10

One of the resistant forms of life against heat, drying and chemicals
Bacteria that develop a defence mechanism against death

Question 11

Bacterial flora

Answer 11

Normally resides honour in body without causing harm
Has disease producing potential

Question 12

Prodromal stage

Answer 12

Early symptoms (slight fever, headache, upset, stomach)

Question 13

Acute stage

Answer 13

Very ill (host displays maximal symptoms of the disease)

Question 14

Convalescent stage

Answer 14

Recovery phase (infectious agents are still present and may spread.)

Question 15

Innate host defences

Answer 15

1) Physical barriers (unbroken skin, mucous membranes, respiratory)
2) mechanical barriers (nose hair, coughing, sneezing, washing of secretions and excretions (tears and urine), sticky mucus (traps).
3) antimicrobial chemicals (hydrochloric acid (stomach), lysosome, interferon (resistant to virus replication cells)
4) cellular barriers (WBC (neutrophils, and macrophages —> phagocytes.)