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Microbiology > Characteristics Of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Characteristics Of Microorganisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria

A

Makes up a large group of one celled MO’s; vary in size shape, and arrangement of cells; grows best at 98.6 F in moist, Dark environment.

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2
Q

Viruses

A

Small in size and cause fatal diseases; this MO can live and multiply only inside an appropriate host cell.

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3
Q

Protozoa

A

Large group of one celled organisms; do not have a rigid cell wall; found in freshwater, marine habitat, and moist soil; small number, are responsible for intestinal infections of humans and other invade, the blood, lungs, liver, or brain.

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4
Q

Fungi

A

Mushrooms, yeast, and mold; oral candidiasis is a common form of this group, and mos found in the dental office.

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5
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Primitive cells
No internal membrane
No nucleus
Example: bacteria

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6
Q

Eukaryote cells

A

Complex cells
With internal membranes
Have a nucleus
Example: Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals.

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7
Q

Flagella

A

Long, thin extension that provides mobility. (propeller).

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8
Q

Frimbiae, pili

A

Hair-like projections with fine short appendages that allow bacteria to adhere.

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9
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane

A

Regulates amount of molecules entering or leaving a cell.
Surrounds the cytoplasm; transport nutrients; energy metabolism.
Composed of lipids and proteins.
Anti-microbial agents, handwashing agents at the mouth rinses kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria by acting on the cytoplasmic membrane.

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10
Q

Mesosomes

A

Present mostly in gram-positive bacteria
At inward folding of the cytoplasmic membrane.

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11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contained within cytoplasmic membrane.

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives cell its shape; rigid; protection from Mechanical damage.

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13
Q

Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

A

Contains endotoxin; transporting nutrients.
When endotoxin is released from bacteria present in the body, it can cause damage to nearby body cells.

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14
Q

Capsule

A

Gelatinous covering produced by the cytoplasmic membrane.
Protection from drying, antiphagocytic; attachment to surfaces.
The presence of capsules reduces the ability of WBC to surround in golf and destroy the bacterium through phagocytosis.

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15
Q

Granules

A

Function as an energy reserve.

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

Contain RNA and proteins (proteins synthesis).

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17
Q

Nucleoid

A

Contains DNA
Is embedded in the cytoplasm.

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18
Q

Endospores

A

Thick wall-like structure
One of the most resistant forms of life against heat, drying and chemicals.
Defence mechanism /protection against adverse conditions.

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19
Q

Plasmids

A

Extra chromosomal, DNA
Give ability of bacteria to grow by being resistant to physical and chemical agents and antibiotics.

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20
Q

Cilia

A

Provides movement and permits, faster mobility than flagella.

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21
Q

Plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane

A

Permits movement of molecules across the membrane by active and passive transport; endocytosis and exocytosis occurs at the site.

22
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking in of matter

23
Q

Exocytosis

A

Contant released to exterior

24
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Fluid filled channels that synthesize lipids (smooth) and proteins (rough)

25
Q

Smooth ER

A

Lacks ribosomal attachment, and appears smooth

26
Q

Rough ER

A

Contains ribosomes and appears rough

27
Q

Vacuoles

A

Function to gather food

28
Q

Vesicles

A

Surrounds proteins; that occur in endocytosis and exocytosis.

29
Q

Ribosomes

A

Produce protein
larger in eucaryotic cells than prokaryotic cells.

30
Q

Mitochondria

A

Function as the powerhouse

31
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Function in photosynthesis

32
Q

Golgi complex

A

Function to package protein; especially important for proteins destined for secretion.

33
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membraneous sacs that contain digestive enzymes.

34
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic DNA material

35
Q

Cell morphology (size and shape)

A

Spears or cocci (singular coccus) spherical shape.
Rods or bacilli (singular bacillus) rod shaped.
Spirilla or spirochetes (singular spirillum) spiral shaped.

36
Q

Binary fission

A

Cells divide
Each cell divides into two daughter cells

37
Q

Five major chemical or physical conditions, influence growth of bacteria

A

1) Temperature
2) acidity
3) nutrients
4) oxygen metabolism
5) water

38
Q

Three groups based on temperature

A

Thermophiles; grow best at 56°C with the range from 45 to 70°C
Mesophiles; grows best at body temperature 37°C with the range from 20 to 45°C
Psychrophiles; optimal growth refrigerator, temperature 7°C with the range from 1 to 22°C.

39
Q

Acidogenic

A

Bacteria that produce acids during growth

40
Q

Aciduric

A

Bacteria that survive and grow in an acidic environment (usually below pH 5.5)

41
Q

Proteases

A

Enzymes released into the environment that break down proteins into amino acids that can enter the cell.

42
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Require oxygen at 20% concentration

43
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Tolerate low, 4% oxygen concentration

44
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Cannot tolerate oxygen

45
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can grow with or without oxygen

46
Q

Bactericidal agents

A

Kill bacteria (chemical, or physical means)

47
Q

Bacteriostatic agents

A

Prevent growth without killing them

48
Q

Classification of viruses

A

1) Their type of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA
2) the symmetry of the virus: helical, polyhedral, spherical, complex.
3) whether or not, there is an envelope surrounding itself (envelope or non enveloped).

49
Q

Transmission of viruses

A

1) droplets (sneezing)
2) direct transfer (touching)
3) contaminated, food, or water
4) insects

50
Q

Fungi include

A

1) Mushrooms
2) molds
3) yeasts

51
Q

Common protozoa diseases

A

Malaria

Microbiology (4 decks)

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