Chapter 2 Week 2 Flashcards
Obligate aerobes
Need O2
Obligate anaerobes
No O2
Microaerophile
Low O2
Facultative anaerobes
O2 & no O2
BacterioCIDAL agents
Kill bacteria (chemical or physical means)
BacterioSTATIC agents
Prevent growth without killing them (through adding/removing oxygen or changing pH)
Antibiotics
Treat bacterial diseases -can result in inhibiting growth or in killing the cells, depending on the bacterium, and the antibiotic used.
Penicillins
Interfere with metabolic activity of bacteria
Proteases
Enzymes released into the environment that break down proteins into amino acids that can enter the cell.
Bacteria must synthesize all of the macromolecules of protein, polysaccharide’s, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) needed to grow.
Acidogenic
Bacteria that produce acids during growth
Aciduric
Bacteria that survive and grow in an acidic environment ex: dental plaque in the mouth, causing tooth decay went oral cavity becomes acidic.
THERMOphiles
Hot temps (best at 56°C)
MESOphiles
Body temperature (best at 37°C, range from 22°C to 45°C)
PHYCHROphiles
Refrigerator temperature (best at 7°C, range from 1°C to 22°C)
Binary fission
2 Identical daughter cells (asexual)
*how bacteria reproduces
Gram-positive
(Blue/purple) cell walls = THICK
Gram-negative
(Pink/red) cell walls = THIN
Protozoa
LARGEST microorganism
Found more in the developing parts of the world
Ex: malaria (spreads through insects)
Viruses
-NOT a “cell” either DNA or RNA in a capsid
-MUST have HOST to survive
-no cure when in body (try to prevent through immunization & infection control)
-outside body = kill with heat and chemicals
-Common in Dental = herpes simplex (cold sores)
-Blood-borne = hep B
-Influenza
Transmission of viruses
1) droplets (Ex: sneezing)
2) direct transfer (Ex: touching)
3) contaminated food or water
4) Insects
Cell morphology
1) Cocci (singular coccus) = spherical shape
2) Bacilli (singular bacillus) = rod shaped
3) spirilla or spirochetes (singular spirillum) = spiral shape
Prokaryotes cells
Primitive cells
No internal membrane
No nucleus
Ex: bacteria
Eukaryote cells
Complex cells
With internal membranes
Have a nucleus
Ex: Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals.
Bacteria
Makes up a large group of one celled mo’s
Vary in size shape, and arrangement of cells ; grows best at 98.6 Fahrenheit in moist, dark environment.
Viruses
Small in size and cause fatal diseases; this MO can live and multiply only inside an appropriate host cell
Algae
Range from single celled to larger multiple celled
Organisms that are known as seaweed and kelp ; most of these emojis do not produce human disease
Protozoa
Large group of one celled organisms; do not have a rigid cell wall; found in freshwater, marine habitat, and moist soil; small number, are responsible for intestinal infections of humans and others invade the blood, lungs, liver, or brain.
Fungi
Mushrooms, yeast and mold; oral candidiasis is a common form of this group of mo’s found in the dental office.
Putting on PPE
1) protective clothing (scrubs lab coats)
2) protective eyewear
3) mask
4) gloves
Removing PPE
1) gloves
2) protective eyewear
3) mask
