control of micro-organisms

Question 1

death of microbes is:

Answer 1

exponential (gradual/time dependent process)

Question 2

microbial death factors (5)

Answer 2

number, nature, extraneous material, Ph/temp, concentration of sterilizing agent

Question 3

destroys all microbial forms, including spores

Answer 3

sterilization

Question 4

destroys most microbial forms, not spores

Answer 4

disinfection

Question 5

used on living tissue to inhibit or eliminate microbes

Answer 5

anti-sepsis

Question 6

pasteurization

Answer 6

heating liquids to 62*C x 30 minutes

Question 7

key to any infection control practice

Answer 7

hand washing

Question 8

to ensure effective sterilization of instruments-

Answer 8

remove all visible soil first

Question 9

difference between high, intermediate and low levels of disinfection

Answer 9

high- all except high numbers of spores
intermediate- all except spores
low- most except spores, TB

Question 10

MOA of autoclave

Answer 10

uses steam under pressure to denature proteins/membranes and destroy DNA

Question 11

specifications for autoclave

Answer 11

121*C, 15 psi, 30-60 minutes

Question 12

MOA of halogens

Answer 12

denatures proteins through the interruption of interchain bonds

Question 13

examples of halogens

Answer 13

Iodine- most effective skin antiseptic

chlorine- too toxic for skin, used for surfaces/glassware

Question 14

MOA of phenolic compounds

Answer 14

disrupts membranes and precipitates proteins

Question 15

pros/cons of phenolic compounds

Answer 15

pros- maintains activity in biologic fluids

cons- not sporadical, pseudomonas/other gram- are resistant

Question 16

MOA of quaternary ammonia compounds

Answer 16

cationic detergents that disrupt membranes

Question 17

cons of quaternary ammonia compounds

Answer 17

cons- not sporadical, not effective against HBV or TB, some gram- rods can grow in solution

Question 18

how to kill prions

Answer 18

deactivate by autoclave or expose to undiluted bleach for long periods of time

Question 19

describe filtration

Answer 19

using pores of 0.22 um will retain bacteria and spores, not effective against viruses or mycoplasma

Question 20

how to disinfect air supplies that are contaminated with fungal spores

Answer 20

chlorine compounds and iodophors