Control of GI nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Give 5 examples of Helminth species that need to be controlled in cattle

A
  • Ostertagia ostertagi
  • Trichostrongylus spp
  • Cooperia spp
  • Fluke
  • Dictyocaulus viviparus
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2
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat nematodes?

A
  • Benzimidazoles
  • Imidathiozoles
  • Macrocytic lactones
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3
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat flukes?

A

Flukicides

  • Triclabendazole
  • Closantel
  • Albendazole
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4
Q

What are the 5 R’s in to control helminths?

A
  • Choose the Right product for the type of worm
  • Treat the Right group of animals
  • Treat at the Right time of year
  • Treat using the Right dose
  • Administer the product in the Right way
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5
Q

A 120 cow dairy farm, grazes all cattle outside from May to October
• What species do you need to be aware of for milking cows, dry cows and late pregnant heifers?

A
  • Ostertagia (disease would occur in august)
  • Dictyocaulus (first season grazing calves)
  • Fluke (October)
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6
Q

In March which parasite can be vaccinated against, when should this occur?

A

Dictyocaulus

- give before they are turned out, 2 doses, 4 weeks apart

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7
Q

A 120 cow dairy farm, grazes all cattle outside from May to October
• What treatment of the cattle should occur in may?
• What is the importance of this treatment?

A

GI nematodes
Ivermectin, 3,8,13 weeks after turnout. Preventing eggs shed onto pasture, prevents build-up of l3 in July. Overwintered L3, source of infection, die off by beginning of June.

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8
Q

In which month are fluke metacecariae on pasture?

A

September

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9
Q

What happens in October in the management of fluke?

A

House

  • Diagnose – juvenile fluke antibody detection ELISA
  • Treat – 2 weeks after housing could use triclabendazole (kills fluke from a week of age) or use FEC/Copro-ag test to diagnose and treat adult fluke approx. 8-10 weeks after housing (closantel/clorsulon)
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10
Q

Describe the control of the following parasites for Milking cows/dry cows:

  1. Ostertagia
  2. Dictyocaulus
  3. Fluke
A
  1. Probably dont need to do anything
  2. If lung worm controlled by vaccination/exposure in calves, then probably no action needed but can monitor exposure using ab detection ELISA with BMT
  3. Treating is complicated by the lack of suitable products.
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11
Q

A beef suckler herd that calves in Feb-March, houses cows in December, turns back out straight after calving
Describe the treatment needed for Dictyocaulus and GI nematodes (if any) and explain why

A
  • Mothers immune to Dictyocaulus and GI nematodes
  • Mothers will eat any overwintered L3 and their immune systems will kill them, so few eggs will be shed
  • Calves probably suckling so eating very little grass, very low infection, if any
  • No treatment necessary
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12
Q

A beef suckler herd that calves in Feb-March, houses cows in December, turns back out straight after calving
Describe the treatment needed for fluke (if any) and explain why

A
  • No immunity builds up to fluke, dams and calves will be susceptible
  • Over the winter, when cows are housed, can use FEC/Copro-ag to monitor infection in cows. Treat with adulticide if necessary.
  • At the end of the grazing season, test the calves (serum antibody ELISA), treat 2 weeks after housing with TCBZ if positive, or wait until late winter and use FEC/Copro-ag test
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13
Q

Flock of 400 ewes, lamb in February, housed in December, turned out after lambing.
Triclabendazole resistance has been diagnosed on this farm, using a FECRT
- Describe how you would control fluke in this flock

A
  • Sheep of all ages are highly susceptible to fluke, Acute disease can result in high levels of mortality.
  • Spring (around lambing/before they go back out), test sheep using FEC, treat adults for parasites to prevent contaminating pasture.
  • Autumn – if possible avoid wet/flukey pasture. Think about moving flock to dry ground/house early if necessary
  • Winter at housing – can use Copro-ag test to check for infection and consider a second treatment if necessary – e.g. with nitroxynil
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