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GI physiology > Control of food intake > Flashcards

Control of food intake Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 factors that enable accommodation of stomach to occur?

A

VIP + NO

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2
Q

What is factor secreted in emptying of stomach?

A

Ghrelin

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3
Q

What is definition of hunger?

A

discomfort caused by lack of food and desire to eat -> strong physiological drive for food/sensation of emptiness in stomach

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4
Q

What is definition of appetite?

A

psychological desire/ drive to satisfy body’s needs of food-> hunger stimulated response

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5
Q

What is definition of satiety?

A

state of being full after eating food

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6
Q

What is definition of aphagia?

A

inability/refusal to swallow

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7
Q

What is definition of hyperphagia/ polyphagia?

A

abnormal desire for food

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8
Q

What is hypothalamus role in control of food intake?

A

control centre for appetite + food intake. controls hunger and thirst

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9
Q

What is role of pre-frontal cortex in control of food intake?

A
  • food seeking behaviour. it determines our food eating behaviour
  • integrates sensory info from inside and outside of body
    receives emotional + cognitive info from limbic system
    helps one make choices by translating all homeostatic + environmental info into adaptive behavioural response
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10
Q

What is role of limbic system in control of food intake?

A
  • is complex system of nerves + networks in brain. areas concerned with instinct + mood. may control emotions.
  • satiation of feeding behaviour behaviour is associated with motor planning + execution
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11
Q

What is lateral hypothalamus?

A

Hunger/thirst centre

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12
Q

What is ventromedial nucleus?

A

Satiety centre

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13
Q

What is function of dorsomedial nucleus?

A

Modulates energy intake (hunger centre)

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14
Q

What is function of paraventricular nucleus?

A

Modulates feeding behaviour

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15
Q

What is arcuate nucleus?

A

collections of neurons in hypothalamus -> neurones produce orexigenic signals

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16
Q

What is suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

is where human body clock is located

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17
Q

Stimulation of ventromedial nucleus leads to…

A

aphagia

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18
Q

Lesions of ventromedial nuclei leads to….

A

hyperphagia

19
Q

Stimulation of lateral hypothalamus lads to…

A

increased feeding

20
Q

Lesions of lateral hypothalamus leads to…

A

aphagia

21
Q

Where is switch?

A

in hypothalamus

22
Q

How does orexigenic neurotransmitters affect feeding behaviour?

A

it increases appetite

23
Q

How does anorexigenic neurotransmitters affect feeding behaviour?

A

it decreases appetite

24
Q

What is circadian rhythm?

how does it affect food intake?

A
  • sleep wake cycle
  • 24hr internal clock that cycles between sleepiness and alertness
  • limits food intake to certain times in some people
25
Q

[blood glucose] stimulates what type of receptors in hypothalamus?

A

stimulates glucoreceptors

26
Q

a decrease in [blood glucose] leads to…

A

upregulation of hunger

27
Q

a increase in [blood glucose] leads to…

A

upregulation of satiety

28
Q

How does distension of full stomach affect appetite?

A

it inhibits appetite

29
Q

How does contraction of empty stomach affect appetite?

A

It stimulates appetite

30
Q

What triggers CCK release?

A

Fat/lipid ingestion

31
Q

Where is CCK found?

A

I cells in intestine/nerve endings

32
Q

How does CCK affect appetite?

A

reduces appetite
inhibits further food intake
is satiety factor

33
Q

What is effect of somatostatin on food intake?

A

inhibits further food intake

is satiety factor

34
Q

What is adiponectin?

A

is factor released by insulin

has an impact on how we handle insulin or allows our body to regulate little bit how we respond to insulin effects

35
Q

What are 2 effects of insulin of control of food intake?

A

has catabolic and anabolic effects
catabolic effect- decrease food intake
anabolic effect - increase food intake

36
Q

Give 2 examples of orexigenic factors?

A

NPY and AgRP

37
Q

How does glucagon secretion during feeding affect satiety + glucose release?

A

it promotes satiety + promotes glucose release

38
Q

What is effect of amylin on feeding?

A

stimulated at same time as insulin

it reduces feeding

39
Q

What type of agents are insulin, glucagon and amylin?

A

anorexigenic agents =reduce feeding

40
Q

What is leptin? what does it control?

A

leptin is secreted by white adipose tissue which is endocrine gland. more white fat, more leptin secreted
controls fat stores by operating feedback mechanisms between adipose tissue + brain
increase in adipose tissue size -> increases leptin secretion

41
Q

What is ghrelin?

A

Appetite inducing horome (orexin) -> stimulates hunger
released by stomach particularly upper oart, pancreas, adrenals in response to nutritional status. D1 cell type releases ghrelin

42
Q

What is obestatin?

A

produced by epithelial cells of stomach
encoded by ghrelin gene but opposes the effects of ghrelin on food intake-> suppresses food intake, antagonises ghrelin induced food intake + growth hormone secretion

43
Q

Acting on a1 receptor leads to …… feeding

A

decreased feeding

44
Q

Acting on a2 receptor leads to …. feeding

A

increased feeding

GI physiology (9 decks)

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