Control of Breathing Flashcards
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
عليك توكلنا يا رب المؤمنين يا حي يا قيوم توكلنا علي الحي الذي لايموت سبحانه وتعالي علوا كبيرا عما يصفون
control of respiration is ?
Nerual
chemical
nonchemical
Respiartory centers
in brain stem
___________________
Medullary:
Ventral respiratory group VRG
Dorsal respiratory group DRG
Pontine:
Pnumotaxic
Apneustic
Dorsal repiratory group of medullary cenetrs role ?
contain inspiratory neurons firing to the bodies of the respiratory inspiratory nerves
like body of nerve fibers of phrenic c345 in the spinal cord casuing its firing and contraction of diapharagm
Relaxation occur when the firing of the DRG inspiratoy neuron cease
VRG is inder overirde control of the DRG?
In case of deep inspiration DRG stimulate VRG inspiratory neurons > deep inspiratoin active
in case of expiration DRG Stimulate VRG expiratory neurons > active expiration
Pre Botzinger complex
Neurons induce selft ryhtmic action optentials affecting The DRG and VRG
It is the cause of rhytmic stimulaiton of inspiratory neurons of DRG
RESPONSIBLE FOR RHYTHYM OF Ventilation
Injury of DRG and VRG not abolish respiartion
As neurons of Pre Botzinger Complex Cause ? rhymic stimulation of phrenic nerve of diapharagm
Pnemotaxic ?>
Pneumotaxix and vagus inhibits the apnestic and the DRG
causing limited Inspiration and not prolonged :-
In case of
pnemotaxix injury
vagal injury
pnemotaxic and vagal injury?
1- prolonged inspiration
2-also
3-prolonged inspiration and less epxiration apneusis casue apnustic center take the lead
Hering-Bruerer reflex ?
Strtching of lung during inspiration as in exercise casue the stopping inspiration to prevent over inflation
Stretch of lung > stretch receptor > vagal impulses inhibiting the DRG > stop inspiration and prevent over inflation of the lung
chemoreceptore location
central medulla
peripheral : Aortic bodies and carotid bodies in the bifurcation of aortic arch common carotid
when arterial blood pressure below 60 mmHg?
peripheral chemorececptors stimulated stimulating the medullary respiartory centre causing ?
increased ventilations as comesnation
does anemia and CO poisoning affect chemoreceptor?
No as its only respond to low PO2 not the content of O2
the most important regulator of ventilation durin rest?
PCO2
pco2 as a regulator?
central mainly by increased H+ induced by high Pco2 and this leads to stimulation of the medullary resp centre
peripheral chemoreceprs weak sstimulation add effect
in highest levels leads above 70-80 depression of the respiratory centre alos the brain as a whole
decreased ventilation
Chronic lung disease
low o2 stimulate peipheral
High o2 stmiulate centre
net effect increase of the ventilation
Renal compensation in casr of acidosis
high reuptake of HCO3 - CROSSING BBB netralizing the H+ normal srimulation of central chemoreceptoir
Exercises and diabeta metabolic acidosis leads to ?
high H+ stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptor only as it not cross BBB
so increased respiratory centre stimulation and ventilatopn expiring c02 reutung ph to normal
Vomintig and reparatd alkalosis in repsiartion contorl “/
decrease H+ DEPRSSING THE PERPHERAL CHEMO AND THE RESPIATORT INCERASING CO2 AND H+ TO NORMAL
DIRECT INHIBTION OF CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTOR ?
PO2 < 60
PCO2 < 70-80
HYPOXIC DIRIVE IN ?
HIgh altitude
Chroinc lung disesase low senestivity to co2
high level pco2 narcosis
non chemical regulation of respiartiopn
Higher centers?
CL
Cortex
limbic sytesm hypothalamus
Lung
HCB
Hering berure
Cough and sneezing reflex
Pulmonary chemoreflex
others? MAG -Mechanoreceptors -Artertial barorecptors -Gut
Why breaking pint occur during voluntary apnea?
This is due to stimulation of central chemoreceptors override the cereberal cortex voulunary inhinotiry effect
prolong the duration of v apnea?
hyperventilation befroe
100 o2 breathing
Limbic sytem and hypothalamus ?
Strong emotions and pain increase symp in hypothalamus
and the high temp inc the stimulation of resp centres
Pulmonary chemo reflex
J receptor stimulation during inflation of lung during edema and congestion leads to apnea followed by reapid brathing bradycardia hypoteniosin DUE TO
(Capsacian )intake in hot chili peppers
Coughing
Sneezing
Forced expiration againts a closed glottis
Forced expiration againt contiunously oepend glottis
Abrupt increase in ventilation durin exercise due to ?
Pshuchi stimuli
Proprioceptors
Gradual increase in ventilation during exercise due to ?
Body temperature K level and peripheral chemorecpetors Fluctations of O2 and CO2 Sensitviy of respriatory centre to CO2 Sympathatic stimulation increased ventialtion
The main reporatory stimulant during Vigorus exercise ?
Lactic acidosis due to anaerobic glycolysis
as the PO2 increased and PCO2 decreased During hyperventilation
Ventilation is stimulated after exercise by?
Lactic acidemia
O2 used during muscle recovery in ?
- myoglobin saturation
- atp and creatinine
- removal of lactic acid in 80 > glycogen 20 > h2o and co2
Mountain skciKness comp
Headace, fatigubility ,drowisness
Nausea ,Vomiting, Loss of appetite
Tachycardia ,tachypnea
Compensatory mechanisms for mountain sickness
High ventilation and pulmnary flow and surface area of diffusion
increased erythropoeten and RBCS
2,3DPG Right shift and O2 release
increased capillaries at tissue levels
Corrected alkalosis by decresad excrestion of H and increasd OF HCO3
ايه مشاكل الوسائل التعويضية عند المرتفعات ؟
انها بتزود لزوجة الدم لزيادة كرات الدم الحمراء فيزادا شغل القلب عشان يعرف يضخ كويس
تم بحمد الله
الحمدلله الذي خلق السماوات والأرض وجعل الظلمات والنور ثم الذين كفروا بربهم يعدلون
