Control of Appetite Flashcards
Where is the appetite centre located, what is it formed of and what does it sense
In the hypothalamus in the arcuate nucleus
Contains primary neurones responsible for sensing metabolite and hormone levels
What are the types of neurones in the arcuate nucleus and what hormones do they produce
Excitatory - stimulate appetite via neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)
Inhibitory - suppress appetite via pro-opiomelanocortin which is cleaved to form α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) which suppresses appetite
What hormones are involved in the control of appetite
Ghrelin
PYY - peptide tyrosine tyrosine
Leptin
Insulin
Amylin
Where and why is Ghrelin produced, and what does it do
Produced by walls of empty stomach, stimulate appetite by activating stimulatory neurones
Stretch of stomach wall inhibits release
Peptide hormone
Where is PYY produced and what does it do
Released from wall of small intestine (ileum and colon)
Supresses appetite by inhibiting stimulatory neurones
Peptide hormone
Where is leptin produced and what does it do
Produced by adipocytes in fat stores
Suppresses appetite by stimulating inhibitory and inhibiting stimulatory neurones
Indues uncoupling proteins in mitochondria leading to production of heat rather than ATP
Peptide hormone
Where is insulin produced and what does it do
Produced by β cells in islets of langerhans
Suppresses appetite via same mechanism as leptin -
Suppresses appetite by stimulating inhibitory neurones
Indues uncoupling proteins in mitochondria leading to production of heat rather than ATP
Where is amylin produced and what does it do
Produced by β-cells of islets of langerhans
Suppresses appetite, decreases glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying
Peptide hormone
