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Pharma and veni > Contrast media > Flashcards

Contrast media Flashcards

1
Q

“dyes” are special liquids that is used to enhance the differences between body tissues on images during a radiographic scan/ examination

A

contrast media

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2
Q

Examination that is commonly requested contrast enhancement

A
  1. Digestive System - barium enema (large intestine or colon)
  2. Biliary System - cholescintigraphy
  3. Urinary System - intravenous pyelogram
  4. Reproductive System - hysterosalpingography
  5. Circulatory System - cardiac catheterization
  6. Circulatory System - brain scan
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3
Q

Types of scan that typically requires the use of contrast media

A

MRI
* CT Scan
* Fluoroscopic procedures

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4
Q
  • higher atomic weight than surrounding tissue
  • absorb more photons and will produce lower radiographic density than the tissue surrounding it
  • Barium Sulphate, and Iodinated CM
A

Positive (radiopaque)

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5
Q
  • lower atomic weight than surrounding tissue
  • will absorb fewer photons and will produce higher radiographic density than the tissue surrounding it.
  • gases like air, O2, CO2
A

Negative (radiolucent)

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6
Q

2 TYPES OF CONTRAST MEDIA

A
  1. GADOLINIUM for MRI Scans
  2. IODINATED dyes for CT Scans and other radiographic or fluoroscopic procedures
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7
Q

is a chemical element; it has the symbol Gd and atomic number 64; is a non-toxic paramagnetic contrast enhancement agent

A

Gadolinium

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8
Q
  • is a chemical element; it has the symbol I and atomic number 53.
  • A non-metallic & is used to enhance the image that uses x-ray.
A

Iodine

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9
Q

the concentration (how many) of dissolved particles in a solution

A

osmolality

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10
Q

2 TYPES OF IODINE-BASED CONTRAST MEDIA

A
  1. IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA
  2. NON IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA
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11
Q

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF CM REACTIONS

A
  1. Dose-Dependent reactions
  2. Dose – Independent reactions
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12
Q

Will occur when high doses (HOCM) or high flow rate (means how fast the substance is injected) of CM are used

A

Dose-Dependent reactions

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13
Q

reactions would still occur in some patients even at low dosage and flowrates, low osmolality, and will occur even if no known predisposing factors/conditions

A

Dose – Independent reactions

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14
Q

Metallic taste, Nausea & vomiting, itchiness, dizziness, flushing, sneezing, skin rash, chills, heat sensation

A

Mild/Minor reaction (3%)

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15
Q

Tachycardia/Bradycardia (heart rates), Hypertension /hypotension, coughing & wheezing/bronchospasm (maybe due to Pulmonary edema/Laryngeal Edema) severe hives, Dyspnea (shortness of breath), severe skin rash.

A

Moderate reaction (1%)

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16
Q

extremely low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, convulsions, unresponsiveness, anaphylactic shock

A

Severe reaction (0.02%)

17
Q

extravasation (pain and swelling due to CM leakage outside the vein, Inflammation and pain and burning sensation

A

Injection site reaction (0.9%)

18
Q

refers to a leakage of medication or contrast medium that is vesicant (have the ability to irritate tissues) from a vein rupture

A

Extravasation

19
Q

refers to diffusion of injected material into adjacent tissues that is a non-vesicant (does not irritate tissue)

A

Infiltration

20
Q

are drugs that can result in tissue necrosis or the formation of blisters when accidentally infused into tissue surrounding a vein.

A

Vesicants

21
Q

compress causes local vasodilatation, and promotes absorption of the drug

A

warm

22
Q

compress causes vasoconstriction limiting diffusion of drugs in tissue and it reduces inflammation and pain

A

cold

23
Q

refers to the broader concept of entering the vein either to withdraw blood or to administer and IV for an extended period

A

Venipuncture

24
Q

uses a needle to draw blood specimens from a vein in the arm, it’s limited to blood sample collection of laboratory specimens for testing

A

Phlebotomy

25
Q

High risk group

A
  1. Pediatric patients
  2. Geriatric patients
  3. Diabetic Patients
  4. Patients with Cardiac impairment
  5. Patients with renal impairment
  6. Asthmatic patients
  7. Patient with a history of CM reactions
  8. Patients with a wide history of allergies
26
Q

Special considerations or factors that would alter the type and volume of contrast used on an individual patient

A
  1. age (contrast agents on children and the elderly can be particularly hazardous)
  2. weight
  3. medications
  4. patients with impaired renal or liver function must be adequately assessed before an iodinated contrast
  5. Laboratory result (high Creatinine, high Blood Urea Nitrogen or BUN)
  6. perforated bowel
27
Q

Priority patients for diagnostic imaging studies

A
  1. Fasting patients
  2. Emergency patients.
  3. Pediatric and geriatric patients who are NPO.
  4. Diabetics having to put off taking insulin due to an exam that requires them to be NPO the morning of the exam

Pharma and veni (4 decks)

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