contrast and fluroscopic procedure clinical indications Flashcards
What us positive contrast
Barium and iodinater contrast that have a high atomic number and appear radiopaque
Give examples of negative contrast
Air and gas (low atomic no.)
How are barium contrasts admitted
Orally, rectally
What is barium contrast comely used for
The GI tract
How is iodinated contrast administered
By sn IV or injected IM or IA
Contraindications to using barium contrast
Perforation
Fistula between osophagus and lungs and pt. On glucophage
Contraindications to iodinated contrast
Allergy
Hx Kidney disease
What is ionic vs nonionic iodinated contrasf
Ionic- not used anymore .high osmolaliry (more molecules pr kg of blood)
Non ionic- commonly used. Is low or isomolar to blood. So less per kg of blood. So less adverse reactions and molecules don’t dissociate into anion and cation like ionic does.
What is a monomer
Single structure, where contrast is delivered in one, taking up more space 1:3iodine
What is a dimer
Conjugated. 1:6iodine. Commonly used as you get increased iodine with less effect on osmolality.
Clinical indications for barium meal
Dyspepsia, upper abdominal mass, vomiting blood
Clinical indications for barium swallow
Dysphagia, dismotility, GERD
Clinical indications for barium enema
Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum
Clinical indications for ERCP
Unexplained Jaundice, pancreatic CA, gallstones
Clinical indications for cystogram/retrograde pyelogram
Haematuria, painful urination, recurring UTI
