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Pilates > Contraindications > Flashcards

Contraindications Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 Supine contraindications

A

Mid-late stage pregnancy.
Acute disc herniation.

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2
Q

List 3 flexion contraindications

A

Disc herniation.
Osteoporosis.
Mid-late stage pregnancy.

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3
Q

List 3 extension contraindications

A

Stenosis.
Spondylolithesis.
Facet joint syndrome.

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4
Q

List 3 lateral flexion contraindications

A

Stenosis.
Facet Joint syndrome.
Osteoporosis

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5
Q

List 4 lower extremity precautions

A

Pelvic instability.
Osteitis Pubis.
Total hip joint replacement.
Trochanteric Bursitis.

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6
Q

List 3 upper extremity precautions

A

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
Shoulder impingement.
Carpel Tunnel syndrome.

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7
Q

List 3 Inversion precautions

A

Hypertension.
Glaucoma.
Gastric reflux.

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8
Q

Why is it advised to not lie in supine if a client is in mid-late stage pregnancy

A

The weight of the uterus can put pressure on the inferior vena cava, reducing cardiac output and impeding blood flow to mother and child.

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9
Q

What is supine hypotension

A

When uterus compresses vena cava of pregnant woman leading to reduced cardiac output and impeding blood flow.

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10
Q

What is the nucleus pulpous

A

The soft, gelatinous, central portion of an intervertebral disc

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of an acute disc herniation

A

Local back pain.
Pressure on nerve roots producing neural symptoms in extremities

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12
Q

What is an acute disc herniation

A

When the nucleus pulposus bulges or squeezes through a tear in the intervertebral disc

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13
Q

Why should you avoid supine with an acute disc herniation

A

It aggravates symptoms of back pain and neural symptoms

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14
Q

What is a disc herniation

A

A slipped disc, where the soft tissue in between the vertebra is pushed out of place. Tissue can slip forward, right or left.

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15
Q

How is disc trauma most likely to occur

A

Unsupported forward bending.
Rotation in the lumbar spine.
Lifting heavy loads without adequate support.

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16
Q

Name the contraindication with disc herniation

A

Flexion

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17
Q

What causes osteoporosis

A

Demineralization of the bone tissue, leading to bone fragility.

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18
Q

Why should clients with osteoporosis avoid spine flexion

A

It puts excessive pressure on the anterior vertebral bodies which may lead to compression fractures on the spine.

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19
Q

What movements should be avoided with osteoporosis

A

Spine flexion. End-range side bending and rotation (lateral flexion)

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20
Q

What is osteopenia

A

Mildly reduced bone mass and precursor of osteoporosis

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21
Q

Why is flexion and long lever loading a contraindication for mid-late stage pregnancy

A

Can cause bulging of rectus abdomens which cause diastasic recti to develop leading to lumbar instability, severely an abdominal hernia.

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22
Q

What is diastasic recti

A

Separation of the rectus abdomens along the line of the line alba

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23
Q

What is stenosis

A

Narrowing of the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen (pressure on the spinal cord/nerves from your spinal cord to your muscles)

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24
Q

What movement aggravates stenosis

A

Extension through stenotic segments, and lateral flexion

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25
Q

Symptoms of stenosis

A

back pain, tingling, motor deficits, intermittent pain in one or both legs

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26
Q

What is spondylolithesis

A

A defect in the vertebral arch (vertebra is displaced/shifts anteriorly) putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots at that level

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27
Q

At which section of the spine does spondylolithesis typically occur

A

Between the inferior and superior facets, most often L5-S1 or L4-L5

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28
Q

Describe the symptoms of spondylolithesis

A

Lower back pain and/or neurological damage affecting the spinal cord, nerve roots and the lower extremities

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29
Q

What movement aggravates spondylolithesis

A

Extension of the affected segments

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30
Q

What is facet joint syndrome

A

Hypomobility or locking of a facet joint on one side of the spine e.g. cricked neck. Degenerative change to cartilage inside the facet joint, can become inflamed

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31
Q

Symptoms of facet joint syndrome

A

Low back pain, possibly neural symptoms

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32
Q

What movement is contraindicated for facet joint syndrome

A

Extension and lateral flexion towards the affected side

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33
Q

Give 2 examples of pelvic instability

A

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction, pubis symphysis separation

34
Q

What is pelvic instability

A

Instability of the joints around the pelvis

35
Q

Which clients is pelvic instability commonly seen in

A

Pre and post natal due to production of the hormone relaxin

36
Q

What does the hormone relaxin do in the body

A

Induces increased joint laxity in the pelvis

37
Q

What movement is contraindicated for pelvic instability

A

Hypo or hyper mobility at any one joint in the pelvis will be aggravated by single-leg weight bearing and asymmetrical movements e.g. side lying

38
Q

What is osteitis pubis

A

Painful inflammation of the pubic bones near the midline

39
Q

What is the common cause of osteitis pubis

A

Results from repetitive activities which cause movement at the pubic symphysis e.g. running, kicking

40
Q

What movement contraindicates osteitis pubis

A

Overload of the adductor muscles and the superficial abdominals can contribute to symptoms. Avoid single leg weight bearing, asymmetrical leg movements and bilateral adductor resistance if they aggravate symptoms

41
Q

What is total hip joint replacement

A

Hip replacement surgery involves replacing the femoral head with a metal ball. A lateral approach to the hip joint is taken which results in trauma to the lateral stabilisers of the hip joint, especially the hip abductors

42
Q

Name a common post-operative complication with total hip joint replacement

A

Hip joint dislocation

43
Q

Contraindications of total hip joint replacement

A

Avoid hip flexion over 90 degrees, adduction and internal rotation (occurring separately or together) of the leg

44
Q

What is trochanteric bursitis

A

Painful inflammation of the bursa (fluid filled sac which protects against friction and pressure) which lies between the greater trochanter of the femur and the iliotibial band

45
Q

Contraindications of trochanteric bursitis

A

Side lying

46
Q

Symptoms of trochanteric bursitis

A

Lack of balance, thigh bone won’t fit congruently, pain/tenderness in hip joint

47
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Collective term for number of conditions attributed to compromise of the blood vessels or nerve fibres at any point between the base of the neck and the armpit

48
Q

List 4 lower extremity contraindications

A

Pelvic instability, osteitis pubis, total hip joint replacement, trochanteric bursitis

49
Q

List 3 lateral flexion contraindications

A

Stenosis, facet joint syndrome, osteoporosis

50
Q

List 3 extension contraindications

A

Stenosis, spondylolithesis, facet joint syndrome

51
Q

List 3 flexion contraindications

A

Disc herniation, osteoporosis, mid-late stage pregnancy

52
Q

List 2 supine contraindications

A

Mid-late stage pregnancy, acute disc herniation

53
Q

List 3 upper extremity contraindications

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome, shoulder impingement, carpal tunnel syndrome

54
Q

Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Accessory breathing, pain, weakness, tingling and numbness in hand and arm, head forward posture

55
Q

Which fitness screening would someone with thoracic outlet syndrome possibly struggle with

A

goalpost

56
Q

What movement contraindicates thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Exercises that causes excessive scapular depression e.g. push-up if shoulders collapse down

57
Q

What is a shoulder impingement

A

The head of the humerus compresses the supraspinatus tendon, infraspinatus tendon or subacromial bursa against the coracoacromial arch of the scapula leading to localised pain in the shoulder, referred to as pain in the lateral arm and weakness in upper extremity

58
Q

Symptoms of shoulder impingement

A

Pain in lateral arm and weakness in upper extremity

59
Q

Movements that contraindicate shoulder impingement

A

Elevation, internal rotation and horizontal adduction

60
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Nerve entrapment syndrome, entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist

61
Q

Symptoms of carpel tunnel syndrome

A

Numbness and pain in the hand, especially at night. Sensory loss and wasting in the hand.

62
Q

Movements that contraindicate carpel tunnel syndrome

A

Upper extremity weight bearing may aggravate symptoms and grip may be compromised

63
Q

List 3 inversion contraindications

A

Hypertension, glaucoma, gastric reflux

64
Q

What is hypertension

A

High blood pressure

65
Q

Movements that contraindicate hypertension

A

Positions that increase the blood pressure to the head and neck regions such as inverted positions or positions where the head is below the level of the heart

66
Q

What is glaucoma

A

Elevated pressure within the eye due to an obstruction of the outflow of the fluid circulating in the chambers of the eye. The pressure may kill cells in the optic nerve, which can lead to gradual vision loss

67
Q

Movement contraindications for glaucoma

A

Inverted positions

68
Q

What is gastric reflux / gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

The backwards flow of stomach acid contents into the oesophagus. An injury in the oesophagus that develops from chronic exposure of the oesophagus to acid coming up from the stomach

69
Q

Symptoms of gastric reflux

A

Heartburn, discomfort behind the sternum

70
Q

Movement contraindications for clients with gastric reflux

A

Inversion

71
Q

Suggestions to reduce the risk of gastric reflux

A

Avoid food consumption 2 hours before exercise, monitor supine positions and avoid inverted positions

72
Q

What is osteoarthritis

A

Damage to the joint cartilage allowing bone to rub on bone. Pain and inflammation around the joints results in loss of range of motion and function. Additional bony outgrowths (osteophytes) may form at the margins of affected joints. Affects the weight-bearing joints.

73
Q

Helpful exercise for osteoarthritis and precautions

A

Maintain strength and mobility around the joint, however excessive work/movement may aggravate symptoms and acutely inflamed joints may require rest

74
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Immune-mediated condition. Erosion of the joint cartilages leads to arthritis involving many joints in the body, especially hands and feet. Often progressive and chronic

75
Q

How can a client manage rheumatoid arthritis and their precautions

A

Maintain strength and mobility around joint. Acutely inflamed joints require rest

76
Q

Movement contraindications for rheumatoid arthritis

A

Upper extremity weight bearing may have to be avoided if wrists are affected. Grip may be compromised making exercises holding straps, bars or handles difficult

77
Q

What is adverse neural tension

A

Trauma to tissue around the nerves leading to scar tissue formation which pins down the nerve at that level. Most commonly associated with the sciatica nerve (from the buttocks down each leg)

78
Q

Movement contraindications of adverse neural tension

A

Stretching, movement associated with sciatica nerve: long sit position, dorsiflexing the ankles, fully flexing the spine. Any combination of spine flexion, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion

79
Q

Why is stretching of the affected area for someone with adverse neural tension a negative

A

Stretching can produce neurological symptoms including numbness, tingling, burning or dural headaches

80
Q

Give 3 examples of neurological diseases

A

Parkinsons, ALS, Multiple sclerosis

81
Q

Give 3 examples of neurological trauma someone might be recovering from

A

Cerebral vascular accident, spinal cord trauma, head trauma

82
Q

What should you be cautious of with a patient who has neurological disease or is recovering from neurological trauma

A

Be cautious they don’t exercise to the point of fatigue or over-heating, it may have adverse effects on the improvement of their function

Pilates (10 decks)

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