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Cardiac Drugs > Contraindications > Flashcards

Contraindications Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blockers avoid

A

In asthma due to effects on B2, cause bronchospasms (metoprolol & atenolol are B1 selective still don’t use)

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2
Q

Beta blockers can cause

A

HF

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3
Q

Beta blockers worsen

A

Heart block, reduces exercise tolerance, exertion dyspnoea, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia

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4
Q

Beta blockers inhibit

A

Lipoprotein lipase - worsen lipid profile

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5
Q

Beta blockers CNS effects

A

Nighmeres

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6
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

A

Postural hypotension, depression, drowsiness, nasal stuffiness, increases GI motility (diarrhoea), urinalysis incontinence

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7
Q

Alpha 2 agonist

A

-C & -I effects may promote HF

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8
Q

ACE inhibitors related to bradykinin increase

A

Persistent dry cough, and rarely angioedema

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9
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Initial hypotension, rash, dysgeusia, foetal abnormalities.
Exacerbates impairment in bilateral renal artery stenosis

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10
Q

ACE inhibitors caution

A

Concurrent use with diuretics and NSAIDS

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11
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker

A

Usually well tolerated but hypotension, dizzy, rash

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12
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker GI

A

Nausea, vomit, diarrhoea, hyperkalaemia, renal issues if bilateral renal artery stenosis, teratogenic

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13
Q

Statins

A

Myopathy and rhambdomyolysis (breakdown of muscle fibres releasing myoglobin to plasma and eventually kidneys)

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14
Q

Statins teratogen

A

Inhibiting cholesterol formation can affect developmental genes, avoid in pregnancy

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15
Q

Statins increased chances of adverse effects

A

High dose in elderly, and drug interactions

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16
Q

Fibrates GI

A

GI-related effects are minor and are resolved with withdrawal

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17
Q

Fibrates interactions with statins

A

Some statins causing myalgia (muscle pain) possible with some Fibrates

18
Q

Low dose aspirin

A

Gastric ulceration and bleeding, Reye’s syndrome

19
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Bleeding, haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia

20
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Associated with fewer side effects than UF heparin.
Risk of haemorrhage, bruising, hyperkalaemia, elevated AST & ALT

21
Q

Warfarin

A

Narrow therapeutic index
Haemorrhage (storke), GI tract loss, bruising, teratogenic, skin necrosis.
Several drug interactions

22
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Bleeding, haemorrhage, nausea, vomiting

23
Q

Fibrinolytics do not use with

A

Anticoagulants

24
Q

Amlodipine conindicated in

A

Unstable angina as it causes reflex tachycardia to maintain BP when TPR drops, increasing myocardial O2 demand

25
Q

Amlodipine AE

A

Flushing, oedema, dizzy, nausea, constipation

26
Q

Verapamil AE

A

Flushing, oedema, dizzy, nausea, constipation

27
Q

Verapamil contraindications

A

HF, bradycardia, conduction defects.
Cannot use with BB

28
Q

Diltiazem contraindications

A

HF, bradycardia, conduction defects.
Cannot use with BB

29
Q

Nitrates and nitrodilators AE

A

Flushing, headache, reflex, tachycardia, palpitations dizzy, hypotension

30
Q

Nitrates and nitrodilators interactions

A

Alcohol, BB, CCB, viagra

31
Q

Nitrates and nitrodilators tolerance and withdrawal

A

Tolerance can develop. avoid abrupt withdrawal

32
Q

Osmotic diuretic

A

Increased ECF vol - pulmonary congestion, hypersensitivity reactions, headache, nausea, vomit

33
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Hypovolemia, dizzy, syncope, Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ loss, hyperuricemia - gout, metabolic alkalosis

34
Q

Loop diuretics prolonged use

A

Hearing loss, increase renal toxicity of cephalosporins

35
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

Dehydration, postural hypotension, hyponatremia (lead to Li+ accumulation), metabolic alkalosis, gout, hypokalemia, impotence, hyperglycaemia, prolonged QT interval

36
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalaemia, androgen modulating effects (steroid structure), gynecomastia, GI disturbances

37
Q

Sodium channel antagonist

A

Can induce arrhythmias by slowing conduction

38
Q

Potassium channel antagonist

A

Photosensitive skin rashes, thyroid abnormalities, pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, neurological and GI disturbances

39
Q

Potassium channel antagonist pregnancy and breast feeding

A

Don’t use in pregnancy, expressed in breastmilk

40
Q

Cardiac glycoside

A

Nausea, vomit, confusion

41
Q

Cardiac glycoside can cause

A

Arrhythmias

42
Q

Cardiac glycoside AE

A

Nausea, vomit, confusion

Cardiac Drugs (6 decks)

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