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Obstetrics gynaecology > Contraception, Infertility, PCOS, Menopause - Dr Usama BW3 > Flashcards

Contraception, Infertility, PCOS, Menopause - Dr Usama BW3 Flashcards

1
Q

Contraception:

A
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2
Q

Conception rate:

A
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3
Q

Menstrual cycle:

Follicular development:

Pituatary and ovarian hormone levels

Endometrials cycle (thickness)

A

LH peaks causes Ovulation: - corpeus luteum

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4
Q

Natural family planning:

A
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5
Q

What is lactatioonal amenorrhoea?

Explain? Issues relying on it? How long does it owork?

A
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6
Q

Condoms (males)

benefits? Risks?

A
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7
Q

Female condoms: Risks benefits

A

fds

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8
Q

COCP=

COCP? Vaginal ring?

What does the COCP actually do to stop someone getting pregnant-????

A

Suppreses LH surge mid cycle

THickens cervical mucus

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9
Q

Pros vs Cons - COCP:

A
  • Mode Of treatment for PMS
  • Excessicve androgen - PCOS
  • Cheap - effective
  • missed pills - catch up
  • still gets sti
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10
Q

Contraindication to COCP

A
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11
Q

Other uses of COCP

A

Menohaggia

acne

Hiritusims

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12
Q

Managing side effects of COCP

A

Acne

Headaches

Nauseas (estrogen)

Lower libidio+ Mood changes - Use copper

Breakthrough bleeding

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13
Q

How does the progesterone only pill work?

Advantages vs disadvantages

A
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14
Q

LARC: Long acting reversible contraception

What are the major benefits?

What is Depo-provera? What is it? How often? How does it work?

A
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15
Q

Depo-provera- Advantages/diasadvantages

Explain - Advantages vs disadvantages

What do you need to do with this? (DEXA scan) - M

Often used in patients with intelectual disability

A
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16
Q

Implanon: Pros vs Cons:

How long does it last?

How does it work?

A
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17
Q

Intrauterine contraceptive devices:

Mirena: Pros vs Cons

Better side effect profile:

Localised effect vs systemic: Can be used to menorrhagia, amenhorrhoea rates high.

Can be painful to insert:

Serious side effects? LIST

A
  • Uterine perforation!!! (complication) (young and old- more common)
  • Expulsion - Can occur in women with heavy periods
  • Infection: Foriegn body- PID (discharge , pain fever)
  • may causes pt increase Ovarian cysts
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18
Q

Copper IUDS:

Pro vs vs cons

A

f

19
Q

Permanent Contraception:

Tubal ligation

Salpingectomy

Vasectomy

Pros vs Cons ???

A
  • Usually added onto C section- (when pt has had enough kids)
  • Surgical risk: Complications/ adhesions/infections/PID/Damage to bowel and bladder/anaesthetic risk
    *
20
Q

Tubal ligation

Provs vs Cons

A
21
Q

Bilateral salpingectomy:

Pros vs Cons

A
22
Q

Vasectomy:

Pros Vs Cons

Very safe easy

A
23
Q

What is the UK MEC criteria?

What does it do?

Explain

score 1-4

1 all good

4 - contraindicated

A
24
Q

Timing of initation:

A
25
Q

Late and missed pills: COCP: read up

Explain? Timings?

What do you tell them to do???

A
26
Q

Missed progesterone only pill-

A
27
Q

Emergency contraception:

What do you need to? What do you need t couensel patient on?

A
28
Q

Levonogestre; - LNG EC (Progesterone based- same as mirena)

Emergency copper IUD?

A
29
Q

Menopause:

Define?

Average age? Symptoms? when do they begin to occur? How long can it last?

What are primary issues people complain about ?

A
  • Urinary frequency
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Vaginal atrophy
  • Facial flushing
  • Mood swings changes
30
Q

Consequences of menopause?

List 6 complications:

A
31
Q

Benefits of menopausal hormone therapy?

What does it help prevent? What is it made up of? (only oestorgen)

If she has uterus (needs progesterone + add mirena)

A
  • Decreases CV risk
  • decreases thrombosis risk
32
Q

List most important risks associated with menopausal hormonal therapy:

A
  • generally should be iniated before the age of 60
  • Current safety
  • Using testosterone therapy
33
Q

Fertility: New lecture:

types of infertility?

A
34
Q

What are causes of subfertility: female? Male?

A
35
Q

PCOS

Clinical syndrome:

Significant psychosocial issues:

A
36
Q

How is a diagnosis of PCOS made?

Need 2/3 - Whats the classification called?

What are the 3 criteria?

A
37
Q

Other causes of anoovulation? Hyperandrogenism?

A
38
Q

Hx examination of PCOS: Outline

A
39
Q

Investigations for PCOS: OUtline

A
40
Q

Management of PCOS: Principles?

Lifestyles? BMI? Psychological (depression)

A
41
Q

Management: Metabolic and long term:

Explain Key points:

Insulin resistance/CVS health (yearly BP and lipid profile), Endometrial (cocp, low threshold)

A
  • LAser/ hair removal-
  • COCP - Hiritusim
42
Q

Management: PCOS- fertilty- getting pregnant with PCOS:

A
  • First line: No treatment until BMI <35
  • Letrzole - aromotase inhibitor- Highly effective (inducing ovulation -mimic LH surge)
  • Clomiphene- SERM
43
Q

What are other key points about management of PCOS:

A

CVS - manage CV risk

Management - Of lipids/ BSL/ sugar resistance/

Use of metformin:

44
Q
A

Obstetrics gynaecology (14 decks)

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