Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B5 > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of contraception?

A

Advantages: choice, control, family spacing, saves lives globally and cost effective

Disadvantages: changes in sexual habits, increased promiscuity, medical complications, cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What factors need to be considered in a contraceptive consultation?

A 
Health
Age
Desire for fertility
Social/religious/ethical
Education
Compliance
Cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 4 methods of contraception?

A

Natural/physiological
Barrier (condoms)
Hormonal
Surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are natural methods of contraception?

A

Rhythm method - avoid intercourse in the fertility window (4-5 days prior and 1-2 days after predicted ovulation), cheap and no side effects, good for religions, limits sexual activity, high failure rate and no STI protection

Coitus interruptus - penile withdrawal before ejaculation has significant failure rate and no STI protection

Lactation - regular and exclusive breastfeeding inhibits secretion of FSH by prolactin release so suppress HPO axis = no ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are barrier methods of contraception?

A

Condom
Diaphragm
Cervical cap

Sometimes may contain spermicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of condoms?

A

Cheap
Readily available
STI protection

Latex allergy
Can split
Sensation loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the LARC? It’s advantages and disadvantages

A

Long acting reversible contraception - copper IUD releases copper which is a spermicide and mechanically prevent implantation

Good for long term, amenorrhoea, decrease dysmenorrhoea

Decreased libido, irregular bleeding, cost, invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are complications of the IUCD?

A

Expulsion
Perforation
Infection
Ectopic implantation

Side effects: bleeding, cramping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When would you use the IUCD?

A

Long lasting 1-12 years

Can’t be used as emergency contraception if implanted within 5 days of unprotected sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the deadline when you can have termination of pregnancy?

A

Up to 9 weeks - medication to induce termination
Up to 24/40 weeks legal to abort
After 9 weeks require surgery: vacuum aspiration up to 15 weeks and dilation/curettage over 15 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline surgical sterilisation

A

Prevents sperm/egg interaction
Surgical interruption
Tubal ligation in female
Vasectomy in male

Counselling may be required
Invasive
Irreversible
Failures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s the basic point of the oral hormone contraceptives?

A

Synthetic steroid hormones that mimic functions of oestrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of oral contraceptive?

A

Combined: oestrogen and progrestogen

Progresterone only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the MoA of the combined oral pill?

A

Synthetics in the pill act upon Oestrogen (ER1a and ERB) and Progesterone (PR-A and PR-B) receptors, acting as intracellular transcription factors

Hormones diffuse across cell membranes to reach intracellular receptors
Binding drives receptor activation via dissociation from HSP90
Active receptors dimerise -> influence gene expression

= suppress ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s ovulation driven by and therefore how can contraceptives prevent ovulation?

A

Ovulation drives by endocrine dynamics
Timing of hormone secretion and activity
Can disrupt critical endocrine events required for ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary goal of oral contraceptives is to suppress ovulation - what additional effect does Progesterone have?

A

Progesterone can disrupt fertilisation and implantation

(If there is no embryo implantation to corpus luteum, it disintegrates and progesterone levels fall. When there is implantation progesterone levels remain high to promote pregnancy and suppress secretion of FSH and LH via negative feedback on pituitary gland to prevent secretions and ovulation)

17
Q

In what situation are progesterone-only pills useful?

A

Emergency contraception

When oestrogen-derived complications/risks occur

18
Q

What are side effects of progestogen only pills?

A

Nausea

Not 100% effective

19
Q

What are the effects of progesterone on the endometrium?

A

Asynchronous high level of progesterone inhibits endometrial gland development (implantation is less favourable) and thickens cervical mucous (inhibits sperm motility)

20
Q

What’s the basis of the IUS?

A

Progestogen-releasing polymer component that lasts up to 5 years
Effective at treating some conditions

21
Q

What are common adverse effects of oral contraceptives?

A

Breakthrough bleeding
Nausea
Depression
Slight increase in breast cancer risk in long term use
Increased risk of CVS: oestrogen containing contraceptives - thromboembolism, stroke, IHD, raised BP

22
Q

What are benefits of contraceptives other than contraception?

A

Can relieve symptoms of:
Endometriosis
Dysmenorrhoea, Menorrhagia
Acne

Progestogens reduce risk of endometrial cancer

23
Q

Which oral contraception can you not take when breastfeeding?

A

Combined oral contraceptive pill (oestrogen containing)

B5 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions