contraception Flashcards
1
Q
detection methods?
A
- method that relies on a female determining her time of ovulation.
- the couple are restricted from sexual intercourse around ovulation for a few days before, during and afterwards.
2
Q
types of detection methods?
A
- rhythm method
- mucus method
- temperature method
- sympothermal method
3
Q
rhythm method?
A
- timing of cycle tracked
- cycle length determined by menstral bleeding
4
Q
mucus method?
A
- changes in the cervical mucus observed
- usually ‘cloudy’ and sticky in nature. around ovulation more ‘clear’ and ‘slippery’
5
Q
temperature method?
A
- body temperature recorded
- ovulation - a drop followed by a sharp increase in temperature
6
Q
symptothermal method?
A
- combination of all detection methods
7
Q
detection method advantages?
A
- no cost
- natural= no side effects
8
Q
detection method disadvantages?
A
- not very reliable 75% effectiveness
- no protection against STIs
9
Q
types of natural methods?
A
- coitus interruptus
- lactational amenorrhoea
10
Q
coitus interruptus?
A
- penis is removed from vagina before male ejaculates
11
Q
coitus interruptus advantages?
A
- no cost
- natural = no side effects
12
Q
coitus interruptus disadvantages?
A
- not reliable, relies on self-control of the male (75%-85% effectiveness)
- no protection from STIs
13
Q
lactational Amenorrhoea?
A
- menstruation and ovulation delayed during period of breastfeeding
- suppressed by affected hormones
14
Q
lactational amenorrhoea advantages?
A
- no cost
- natural = no side effects
- 91% - 98% effective
15
Q
lactational amenorrhoea disadvantages?
A
- only temporary (while breastfeeding)
- no protection against STIs
16
Q
mechanical method?
A
- physical barriers to prevent sperm from reaching ovum.
17
Q
types of mechanical method?
A
- male condom
- female condom
- diaphragm/cervical cap
18
Q
male condom?
A
- thin latex rubber covers male penis during sexual intercourse
- condom collects seminal fluid
- 75%-85% effective
19
Q
male condom advantages?
A
- effective when used correctly
- cheap and easy to buy
- offer protection against STIs
20
Q
male condom disadvantages?
A
- can tear or slip off
- allergies to latex
21
Q
female condom?
A
- a sheath placed inside the vagina
- condom collects seminal fluid
- 75-85% effective
22
Q
female condom advantages?
A
- protects against STIs
- can be placed before sexual intercourse
- stronger then male condoms
23
Q
female condom disadvantages?
A
- more money then male condoms, not as available
24
Q
diaphragm?
A
- thin rubber cap that fits across the top of the vagina
25
cervical cap?
- smaller, fits directly over the cervix
- prevents sperm from reaching the uterus
- 75%-85% effective
26
diaphragm/cervical cap advantages?
- can be placed in before sexual intercourse
27
diaphragm/cervical cap disadvantages?
- no protection against STIs
- difficult to insert
- size to be prescribed and recommended by doctor
28
chemical method: spermicides?
- foam, cream, gel or capsule inserted into the vagina
| - contains substances that immobilise and kill sperm before entering uterus.
29
spermicides advantages?
- relatively cheap and easy to use
30
spermicides disadvantages?
- very unreliable when used alone
| - no protection against STIs
31
hormonal methods?
- substitute hormones are released into the body, altering the female cycle.
32
hormonal methods types?
- combined pill
- mini pill
- morning after pill
- hormone injections
- implant
- vagina ring
33
combined pill?
- substitute hormones: oestrogen and progesterone
34
combined pill effects?
- ovulation is suppressed
- alter endometrium lining (prevent implantation)
- change cervix mucus (sperm cannot enter uterus)
35
mini pill?
- substitute hormone: progesterone
36
mini pill effects?
- alters endometrium lining (prevents implantation)
| - change cervix mucus (sperm cannot enter uterus)
37
morning after pill?
- emergency contraceptive pill (usually taken within 72 hours)
- useful when other contraceptive methods were not used or failed.
- contains substitute hormone: progesterone
38
morning after pill effects?
- prevents sperm from entering
| - prevents implantation
39
contraceptive pills advantages?
- effective if taken correctly
- can regulate cycles/periods
- reduce incidence of ovarian and uterine cancers
- can reduce symptoms (heavy periods)
40
contraceptive pills disadvantages?
- more costly
- requires doctors prescription
- possible unwanted side effects
- no protection against STIs
41
implant?
- small implant beneath the skin in the upper arm
| - substitute hormone: Progesterone
42
implant effects?
- prevents sperm entering
- prevents implantation
- last until 3 years, but can be removed earlier
43
hormone injections?
- depo- ralovera, depo provera
| - substitute hormone: progesterone
44
hormone injections effects?
- prevent from sperm entering
- prevent implantation
- effect last for 12 weeks
45
vaginal ring?
- small, soft, flexible, plastic ring placed into the vagina for three weeks
- releases substitute hormones: oestrogen and progesterone
46
vaginal ring effects?
- prevents ovulation
- prevents sperm entering
- prevent implantation
47
vaginal ring advantages?
- very reliable
- more convenient
- some offer longer term protection
48
vaginal ring disadvantages?
- no protection against STIs
- inserted by doctors
- possible side effects
- effects of injections can't be reversed
49
hormonal intrauterine device (IUD)?
- releases substitute hormone: progesterone
50
hormonal IUD effects?
- prevents sperm entering uterus
| - prevents implantation
51
copper IUD?
- copper wire
52
copper IUD effects?
- affect sperm preventing fertilisation
| - change lining to prevent implantation
53
copper IUD advantages?
- reliable
- longer lasting protection
- convenient
- easily reversed
54
copper IUD disadvantages?
- requires insertion and removal by a doctor
- no protection against STIs
- some unwanted side effects
55
sterilisation methods: vasectomy?
- males small section of vas deferent is cut
56
tubal ligation?
- female Fallopian tubes cut or tied
57
sterilisation methods advantages?
- very reliable
| - long lasting protection
58
sterilisation methods disadvantages?
- requires surgery
- not easily reversed
- no protection against STIs
